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樓主: 糟木匠

WELDING PROCEDURES FOR TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

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 樓主| 糟木匠 發表於 2012-3-9 21:48:42 | 顯示全部樓層
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Development of a Quadcon Refrigerated Container with First Generation Prototype Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System
JUN 2011
101 pages
Authors: J. D. Carruthers; ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS INC DANBURY CT                                                    
Report for Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) Congressional Plus-up. The Army recognizes the merits of using renewable energy to power refrigeration systems aboard mobile cold-storage systems used for perishable rations in operational theaters. This report documents efforts to develop a solar-powered adsorption refrigerator for food refrigeration in a QuadCon container. The work was performed between October 2007 and April 2010 under a Broad Agency Announcement project funded as a Congressional Plus-Up ...


Guidelines for Evaluating the Thermal Environment of Enclosed Spaces
Sep-2009
55 pages
Authors: Laurie A Blanchard; William R Santee; Anthony J Karis; Stephen P Mullen; Julio A Gonzalez; Daniel M Cadarette; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV                                                    
Thermal stress due to heat or cold may impact comfort, the ability to conduct operations, and, potentially, the survival of Warfighters. This report provides background information and methods for characterizing the properties of enclosed spaces (vehicles, shelters, other enclosures) that impact the thermal state of Warfighters. Quantification of the thermal environment of an enclosure consists of measuring air and surface temperatures, humidity, air flow; and radiant load. Methods focus on ...


Modeling the Effects of a Transportation Security Incident on the Commercial Container Transportation System
Sep-2009
100 pages
Authors: Luis A Bencomo; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
We develop a modeling tool to represent freight container flows and the potential changes in cost of those flows inflicted on the U.S. commercial transportation system by a Transportation Security Incident (TSI). Our model includes available data on container movements, origin-destination (O-D) matrices for international container flows entering or leaving the U.S., and development of an attacker-defender model to determine best contingency plans after a TSI. We design a multi-commodity ...


Defense Logistics: Information on the Test and Evaluation and Assignment and Cancellation of National Stock Numbers as It Relates to MILITEC-1
25-Jun-2009
25 pages
Authors: GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC                                                    
The purpose of this letter is to respond to your request for information regarding the test and evaluation process conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD) of a specific synthetic lubricant called MILITEC-1 that is produced by Militec, Inc., and the assignment and cancellation of national stock numbers (NSN) associated with that product. Militec, Inc., has challenged DOD decisions not to include MILITEC-1 in the federal supply system. Specifically, we ...


Surfacing Rescue Container Concept Design for Trident Submarines
JUN 2009
190 pages
Authors: Joshua J. LaPenna; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE                                                    
In the wake of the KURSK tragedy, world navies have brought their full attention to the submarine rescue problem. While many rescue systems exist, none have been able to sufficiently address the gamut of scenarios that place submariners in peril. One rescue strategy utilizes a submarine escape capsule commonly referred to as a Surfacing Rescue Container (SRC). The United States has never adopted the underlying strategy. This paper recognizes the ...


Intermodal War: Assessing Containerized Power Projection
27-May-2009
31 pages
Authors: James L Evenson; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA                                                    
The successes of American military power in recent years relied greatly on the effective movement of massive quantities of materiel. Trucks, trains, and ships carrying intermodal containers delivered most of this materiel. The commercial transportation industry developed this intermodal support capability over time beginning with the introduction of the railroads in the early nineteenth century. The military quickly adapted the various ongoing developments for martial purposes. Since those earliest developments ...


Controlling Ethylene for Extended Preservation of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Dec-2008
6 pages
Authors: Peter Lavigne; Zach Patterson; Shubham Chandra; Derek Affonce; Karen Benedek; Phil Carbone; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA                                                    
This paper describes work conducted to enhance the quality of fresh produce delivered to troops around the world. Specifically, the program objective is to control ethylene produced by fresh fruits and vegetables (FF&V) in refrigerated containers with the use of a novel Ethylene Elimination Unit (EEU). This paper describes the analytical, experimental, and design work conducted to establish the feasibility of the EEU. Analytical modeling and process simulation were used ...


The Federal Workforce: Characteristics and Trends
30-Sep-2008
Authors: Curtis W Copeland; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
Understanding the characteristics and trends of the federal workforce is important because, among other things, agencies accomplish their missions via that workforce. Total personnel costs (direct compensation and benefits) for all federal employees (civilian and military, current employees and retirees) were estimated at more than $523 billion in 2008, and civilian personnel costs in the executive branch alone were estimated at about $194 billion. Three cabinet departments the Departments of ...


Strategic Collaboration Beyond a String and Two Cans
19 MAR 2008
29 pages
Authors: Stephen C. Sobotta; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA                                                    
Why is there a need to improve upon strategic collaboration especially in the military and Department of Defense? This new strategic environment in which leaders at all levels especially at the strategic level find themselves drives the need to make decisions more quickly and with more input from outside their own organizations. Gone are the days of strictly military service-specific collaboration. Today's new strategic environment requires military leaders to work ...


Real-Time Dispatching of Rubber Tired Gantry Cranes in Container Terminals
MAR 2008
57 pages
Authors: Bradley S. McNary; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
Within the past 50 years containerization and globalization have driven a change from small container terminals to large container terminals that need efficient logistic models to keep up with the significant growth in container traffic. Efficiently managing of rubber tired gantry cranes and planning container placement within the terminal are two ways to increase the overall efficiency of a terminal. In this thesis, we combine these strategies in a real-time ...


Precision Airdrop Technology Conference and Demonstration (4th) 2007
01-Feb-2008
141 pages
Authors: Jamie Bishop; Andrew Meloni; Richard Benney; ARMY NATICK RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND MA NATICK SOLDIER CENTER                                                    
This report summarizes the 4th Biennial Precision Airdrop Technology Conference and Demonstration (PATCAD) conducted at the United States (US) Army Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), from 22 to 25 October 2007. The US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) was the primary sponsor. The first part of PATCAD 2007 consisted of a one-day conference at the Yuma Civic and Convention Center, where presentations were provided by participants. The ...


Global Fleet Station: Station Ship Concept
Feb-2008
68 pages
Authors: Simon Howard; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD SHIP SYSTEMS INTEGRATION AND DESIGN DEPARTMENT                                                    
The Global Fleet Station concept is proposed to act as a persistent Sea Base of operations from which to coordinate and employ adaptive force packages within a region of interest. These can primarily be broken down into two types of missions; training and support and humanitarian aid. In support of the Military Effectiveness Group at NSWC-CD, the Center for Innovation in Ship Design developed the Global Fleet Station Station Ship ...


Alanine Dosimetry Accurately Determines Radiation Dose in Nonhuman Primates
OCT 2007
32 pages
Authors: V. Nagy; N. C. Parra; M. O. Shoemaker; T. B. Elliott; G. D. Ledney; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD                                                    
The unique capabilities of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute's (AFRRI) cobalt-60 (Co60) gamma-photon irradiator were used for bilateral whole-body irradiation of the nonhuman primate (NHP) Macaca mulatta. In this study, 6.5 Gy radiation was delivered at 0.4 Gy/min to 24 male NHPs 7-10 years of age weighing 7-14 kg in order to evaluate the (a) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in an irradiated non-rodent large-animal species phylogenetically ...


Anopheles lindesayi japonicus Yamada (Diptera: Culicidae) in Korea: comprehensive review, new collection records, and description of larval habitats
Sep-2007
9 pages
Authors: William J Sames; Heung C Kim; Terry A Klein; Leopoldo M Rueda; Sung T Chong; Bruce A Ja Harrison; Won- Lee; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY                                                    
Anopheles lindesayi japonicus Yamada is an uncommonly collected mosquito in Korea, and its presence is based upon limited collection data and anecdotal reports in Korean mosquito literature: 45 specimens collected from 15 identified sites. This study reports the collection of 538 specimens from 16 sites as part of the authors' 2004-2007 anopheline surveillance. Larvae were collected from stream margins, stream pools, rock pools, seepage springs, artificial containers, swamps, and ditches ...


Air Cargo Security
30 JUL 2007
Authors: Bart Elias; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The air cargo system is a complex, multi-faceted network that handles a vast amount of freight, packages, and mail carried aboard passenger and all-cargo aircraft. The air cargo system is vulnerable to several security threats including potential plots to place explosives aboard aircraft; illegal shipments of hazardous materials; criminal activities such as smuggling and theft; and potential hijackings and sabotage by persons with access to aircraft. Several procedural and technology ...


DOD's HIGH-RISK ARES: Efforts to Improve Supply Chain Can Be Enhanced by Linkage to Outcomes, Progress in Transforming Business Operations, and Reexamination of Logistics Governance and Strategy
10 JUL 2007
31 pages
Authors: William M. Solis; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC                                                    
The most recent update to the plan shows that DOD has made progress developing and implementing its supply chain management improvement initiatives, but the current performance measures in the plan do not fully demonstrate results. DOD is generally staying on track for implementing its initiatives, although there have been delays in meeting certain milestones. Notwithstanding this overall progress and the commitment of DOD leadership to resolving supply chain problems, the ...


Evaluation Transportability Testing of the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4, TP-94-01, Transportability Testing Procedures
JUL 2007
38 pages
Authors: ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER MCALESTER OK VALIDATION ENGINEERING DIV                                                    
The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV), was tasked by the Logistics Research and Engineering Directorate (AMSRD-AAR-AIL-F), Picatinny Arsenal, NJ to conduct evaluation transportability testing on the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4 manufactured by SEA BOX, Inc, East Riverton, NJ. The testing was conducted in accordance with TP-94-01, Revision 2, June 2004 "Transportability Testing Procedures." The test payload consisted of a mixed load of ...


Evaluation Transportability Testing of the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4, TP-94-01, Transportability Testing Procedures
JUL 2007
35 pages
Authors: ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER MCALESTER OK VALIDATION ENGINEERING DIV                                                    
The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV), was tasked by the Logistics Research and Engineering Directorate (AMSRD-AAR-AIL-F), Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, to conduct evaluation transportability testing on the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4 manufactured by SEA BOX, Inc, East Riverton, NJ. The testing was conducted in accordance with TP-94-01, Revision 2, June 2004, "Transportability Testing Procedures." The test payload consisted of pallets of 155MM Separate ...


Evaluation Transportability Testing of the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4, TP-94-01, Transportability Testing Procedures
JUL 2007
33 pages
Authors: ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER MCALESTER OK VALIDATION ENGINEERING DIV                                                    
The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV), was-tasked by the Logistics Research and Engineering Directorate (AMSRD-AAR-AIL-F), Picatinny Arsenal, NJ to conduct evaluation transportability testing on the Joint Modular Intermodal Platform (JMIP) Unit #4 manufactured by SEA BOX, Inc, East Riverton, NJ. The testing was conducted in accordance with TP-94-01, Revision 2, June 2004, "Transportability Testing Procedures." The test payload consisted of pallets of 155MM Separate Loading ...


What are Chemical Agents and Chemical Weapons?
08 JUN 2007
3 pages
Authors: ARMY CHEMICAL MATERIALS AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
Chemical agents are toxic liquid compounds. The nation's stockpile consists of two principal types of chemical agents: nerve and blister. These agents are securely stored at seven locations in the United States and are either contained in one of five types of munitions or stored in steel bulk storage containers, called ton containers. The ton containers hold about 170 gallons of liquid agent and weigh approximately 1,600 pounds empty. Over ...


An Analysis of the Joint Modular Intermodal Distribution System
JUN 2007
93 pages
Authors: Thomas Louden; Brian Luebbert; Nathan Winn; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
The Joint Modular Intermodal Distribution System (JMIDS) is a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) initiative approved by the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Advanced Systems and Concepts. The purpose of JCTD is to evaluate a joint capability through Military Utility Assessments (MUAs) under a variety of military scenarios, while JMIDS aims to address interoperability problems facing the military supply chain. The operational concept of JMIDS is to provide a ...


Environmental Activities of the U.S. Coast Guard
25 APR 2007
Authors: Mark Reisch; Jonathan L. Ramseur; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The U%S Coast Guard's (USCG's) envfrorn%ental activities focus on prevention programs, accompanied by enlorcement and educational activities An important component is mantime oil spill prevention, which includes inspection of U%S and foreign-flagged ships to ensure compliance with U%S. laws and international agreements. As required by the Oil Pollution Act and the Superfind law, the USCG's pollution preparedness and response activities aim to reduce the impact of oil and hazardous substances ...


Recycled Glass and Dredged Materials
MAR 2007
13 pages
Authors: Jr Lee   Landris T.; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB                                                    
This technical note explores the concepts and applications of recovering and reusing two common disposable materials (crushed glass and dredged spoil) for beneficial engineering purposes. Dewatered fine-grained dredged material (DM) amended with glass cullet may prove to be a marketable combination especially useful as an engineered material and construction aggregate substitute. RECYCLED GLASS: Glass is manufactured from silica sand (SiO2) and other compounds, and occurs naturally as black obsidian rock ...


Building Qualitative Models of Thermodynamic Processes
2007
77 pages
Authors: John W. Collins; Kenneth D. Forbus; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA BECKMAN INST                                                    
This paper describes a qualitative domain theory for core phenomena in engineering thermodynamics, expressed in Qualitative Process theory. It represents many of the best features of domain models developed by our group over the past five years. It focuses on supporting system-level qualitative analyses of typical fluid and thermal systems, such as refrigerators and power plants. We use explicit modeling assumptions [3] to control the level of detail used in ...


Enhanced On-Site Container: Safe Movement of Chemical Munitions
2007
2 pages
Authors: ARMY CHEMICAL MATERIALS AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
Safely storing and moving stockpiled chemical agent and munitions to a chemical agent disposal facility is an important component of the mission of the U.S. Army Chemical Material Agency (CMA). Specialized equipment is used to move agent and munitions in this first step of chemical weapons disposal. In the l980's, the U.S. Army - in partnership with Sandia National[ Laboratories in New Mexico - developed an on-site container known as ...


A Comparative Analysis of the Department of Defense (DoD) Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Policy and Perspective in Terms of Site Implementations
JUN 2006
118 pages
Authors: Jacqueline M. Meyer; Sefa Demirel; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
The purpose of this MBA project is to conduct a comparative analysis of DoDs passive RFID policy and perspective in terms of site implementations at the Fleet and Industrial Supply Center (FISC), Norfolk, Virginia, Ocean Terminal Division (OTD), and the Defense Distribution Depot San Joaquin (DDJC), California. The FISC, Norfolk, OTD, Container Freight Station has been at the forefront of DoD activities implementing passive RFID and is currently using RFID ...


Dynamic Consolidation of TaC and Nano-YSZ Powders (PREPRINT)
07 FEB 2006
10 pages
Authors: Lei Xu; Darrell Marchant; Lawrence Matson; B. S. Majumdar; NEW MEXICO INST OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY SOCORRO DEPT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING                                                    
The high melting point of TaC (3880 deg C), second amongst all known materials, along with good corrosion resistance makes TaC a potential candidate for Air Force applications. However, traditional methods of manufacturing, such as hot pressing or HIP-ing, give rise to rapid grain growth and low fracture toughness. In this work, we have utilized dynamic consolidation technique to overcome the grain growth problem, and thereby obtain stronger and more ...


Development of the B-52 Nose Radome Container, CNU-680/E
30 JAN 2006
33 pages
Authors: Susan J. Evans; AIR FORCE PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING FACILITY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH                                                    
The objective of this test series was to qualify the B-52 Nose Radome Shipping and Storage container, AFPTEF project number O4-P-111, for production release by AFMC LSO/LOP. The container is a sealed, reusable, aluminum container engineered for the physical and environmental protection of the B-52 Nose Radome during worldwide transportation and storage.


Evaluation of Ahura's First Defender Handheld Chemical Identifer
JAN 2006
55 pages
Authors: Robin L. Matthews; Kwok Y. Ong; Christopher D. Brown; Leyun Zhu; Kevin Knopp; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
The handheld Raman spectrometer for point detection of chemicals developed by Ahura Corporation was tested using chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The device was assessed for its capacity to detect and identify liquid through sealed glass containers in a completely non-contact, non-destructive manner. The CWAs tested included the following: mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN1 and HN3), VX, tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and lewisite (L). Detection characteristics were examined for neat agents, ...


Port and Supply-Chain Security Initiatives in the United States and Abroad
Jan-2006
239 pages
Authors: Leigh B Boske; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN LYNDON B JOHNSON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS                                                    
Between 1990 and 2004, the value of U.S. international trade increased from $889 billion to nearly $2.2 trillion. Roughly two-thirds of this total value of trade passed through U.S. freight gateways (primarily ports) to and from countries other than Canada and Mexico. The top 50 U.S. ports accounted for about 90 percent of all maritime cargo tonnage; and 25 U.S. ports accounted for 98 percent of all container shipments. In ...


Evaluation of Ahura's Firstdefender Handheld Chemical Identifier
JAN 2006
54 pages
Authors: Robin L. Matthews; Kwok Y. Ong; Christopher D. Brown; Leyun Zhu; Kevin Knopp; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
The hand held Raman spectrometer for point detection of chemicals developed by Ahura Corporation was tested using chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The device was assessed for its capacity to detect and identify liquid through sealed glass containers in a completely non-contact, non-destructive manner. The CWAs tested included the following: mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN1 and HN3), VX, tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and lewisite (L). Detection characteristics were examined for neat ...


XM982 155-mm Artillery Projectile Container Support System: Finite-Element Model Development and Analysis
SEP 2005
36 pages
Authors: Michael Minnicino; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
The XM982 Excalibur container suppon system is intended to protect the Excalibur munition during transportation by mitigating shock and vibration loadings in addition to performing other functions such as supplementing insensitive munition capabilities. The development of a finite-element (FE) model is a valitable tool for investigating design modifications to the container-foam support system without the need for expensive experimental tests. The FE model facilitates the determination of any design issues ...


Packing in Two and Three Dimensions
24 AUG 2005
176 pages
Authors: Gustavo H. Martins; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL  MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH                                                    
This dissertation investigates Multidimensional Packing Problems (MD-PPs): the Pallet Loading Problem (PLP), the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MD-KP), and the Multidimensional Bin Packing Problem (MD-BPP). In these problems, there is a set of items, with rectangular dimensions, and a set of large containers, or bins, also with rectangular dimensions. Items cannot overlap (share the same region in space), and, when packed, must be completely located within the bin. We develop new ...


Using Containers to Enforce Smart Constraints for Performance in Industrial Systems
AUG 2005
Authors: Scott A. Hissam; Gabriel A. Moreno; Kurt C. Wallnau; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST                                                    
Today, software engineering is concerned less with individual programs than with large-scale networks of interacting programs. For large-scale networks, engineering problems emerge that go well beyond functional correctness (the purview of programming) and encompass equally crucial nonfunctional qualities such as security, performance, availability, and fault tolerance. A pivotal challenge, then, is to provide techniques to routinely construct systems that have predictable nonfunctional quality. These techniques impose constraints on the problem ...


The Joint Modular Intermodal Container, is this the Future of Naval Logistics?
JUN 2005
Authors: Mark E. Johnson; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF OCEAN ENGINEERING                                                    
Under the fiscal reality of the 21st century military budget, the typically manpower intensive United States Navy has had to learn to do more with less of everything, in many cases specifically less sailors. One mission area that is prime for manpower reduction is naval logistics. JMIC, the Joint Military Intermodal Container is a combined Naval Sea Systems Command/ Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (NAVSEA/OPNAV) program that is ...


Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress
27 MAY 2005
Authors: John F. Frittelli; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability to terrorist attack of all modes of transportation. Port security has emerged as a significant part of the overall debate on U.S. homeland security. The overarching issues for Congress are providing oversight on current port security programs and making or responding to proposals to improve port security. The U.S. maritime system consists of more than 300 sea and ...


Pin Component Technology (V1.0) and Its C Interface
APR 2005
Authors: Scott Hissam; James Ivers; Daniel Plakosh; Kurt C. Wallnau; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST                                                    
Pin is a basic, simple component technology suitable for building embedded software applications. Pin implements the container idiom for software components. Containers provide a pre-fabricated "shell" in which custom code executes and through which all interactions between custom code and its external environment are mediated. Pin is a component technology for pure assembly -- systems are assembled by selecting components and connecting their interfaces (which are composed of communication channels ...


Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission
30 MAR 2005
Authors: Bart Elias; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The 9/11 Commission found that al Qaeda operatives exploited known weaknesses in U.S. aviation security to carry out the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. While legislation and administration actions after September 11, 2001 were implemented to strengthen aviation security, the 9/11 Commission concluded that several weaknesses continue to exist. These include perceived vulnerabilities in cargo and general aviation security as well as inadequate screening and access controls at airports. ...


Air Cargo Security
13 JAN 2005
Authors: Bartholomew Elias; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The air cargo system is a complex, multi-faceted network that handles a vast amount of freight, packages, and mail carried aboard passenger and all-cargo aircraft. The air cargo system is vulnerable to several security threats including potential plots to place explosives aboard aircraft; illegal shipments of hazardous materials; criminal activities such as smuggling and theft; and potential hijackings and sabotage by persons with access to aircraft. While it is generally ...


Relative Abundance of Tree Hole-Breeding Mosquitos in Boone County, Missouri, USA, with Emphasis on the Vector Potential of Aedes Triseriatus for Canine Heartworm, Dirofilaria Immitis (Spirurida: Filariidae)
Jan-2005
6 pages
Authors: Leopoldo M Rueda; Mustapha Debboun; Theodore J Green; Robert D Hall; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD DEPT OF ENTOMOLOGY                                                    
Aedes (Protomacleaya) triseriatus currently shares its habitat in the USA with the introduced species Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. In the late 1980s. before the introduction of these 2 species. Ae. triseriatus was the dominant tree hole- and artificial container-breeding mosquito in central Missouri. Aedes triseriatus represented 89% of the mosquito immatures collected from water-filled tree holes and artificial containers at 3 forested field sites in central Missouri. ...


Hand-Held Ultrasonic Through-the-Wall Monitoring of Stationary and Moving People
NOV 2003
39 pages
Authors: Norbert Wild; JAYCOR SAN DIEGO CA                                                    
A prototype system for monitoring respiration and movement through metallic and non-metallic walls has been developed and demonstrated. The man- portable sensor uses high energy ultrasonic pulses and ultra low noise amplification of the return pulse echoes to detect the breathing or motion of individuals in an enclosed space. A real-time video display on the hand-held transducer assembly provides the user with a measure of the location of the detected ...


PA116/171 Containers ona Wood Pallet With Metal Top Adapter, MIL-STD- 1660, First Article Tests
SEP 2003
26 pages
Authors: Jeffery L. Dugan; ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER MCALESTER OK VALIDATION ENGINEERING DIV                                                    
The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV) conducted First Article Tests per MIL-STD-1660, "Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads" on the PA116/171 containers on a wood pallet with metal top adapter provided by Alliant Tech Ordnance and Ground Systems LLC of Plymouth, MN. Two separate containers were tested with total weights of 2,470 lbs each. The tests accomplished on the test units were the stacking, repetitive ...


Evaluation of Triple Containment Method for Air Transport of Contaminated Human
AUG 2003
34 pages
Authors: James S. Neville; Lance L. Annicelli; Dale D. Thomas III; AIR FORCE INST FOR OPERATIONAL HEALTH BROOKS CITY-BASE TX SURVEILLANCE DIRECTORATE                                                    
A triple containment system intended for transport of biologically contaminated human remains was tested for its ability to maintain integrity during exposure to altitude changes representative of air transport. The system consisted of commercially available products; BioSeal(registered) material, a Ziegler case, and a Batesville casket. Each was tested individually and as a system. The BioSeal(registered) material was robust but did not maintain a seal in all tests. The Ziegler case ...


Electronic Status Monitoring System for Security Containers
21 JUL 2003
24 pages
Authors: Robert C. Higgins; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY  WASHINGTON DC                                                    
It is an object of the present invention to provide for a system for monitoring the status of containers or cabinets housing confidential, classified or highly classified materials. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electrical status monitoring system that determines the presence or absence of the security mechanism that ensures the security of a container or cabinet, even if the container or cabinet is ...


Biodegradation of Hydrolyzed Mustard from An ACWA Projectile Washout Study
01 JUL 2003
9 pages
Authors: Mark A. Guelta; Laurie Fazekas-Carey; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
In 1996, public laws 104-208, 105-261, and 106-79 established and expanded the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) Program. To address public concerns over safe destruction of the U.S. chemical weapon stockpile; the ACWA program was tasked to identify two or more viable alternatives technologies to the baseline destruction method of incineration. Neutralization followed by biodegradation was one technology to be successfully demonstrated in a pilot facility at the Edgewood Chemical ...


FAST Center for Environmental Remediation, Fate and Transport of Hazardous Chemicals
01 JUL 2003
35 pages
Authors: Vinayak N. Kabadi; NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL AND TECHNICAL STATE UNIV GREENSBORO                                                    
In 1995, U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded an interdisciplinary research project entitled 'FAST Center for Environmental Remediation, Fate and Transport of Hazardous Chemicals' at A&T with a funding of $3.35 million for six years. The major accomplishments of the project include: (1) development of infrastructure and facilities for environmental research at A&T (2) significant research contributions in environmental science and engineering, (3) graduation of 25 M.S. ...


Digital Memory Cabinets: Reviving the Art of Memory for Augmented Cognition
14 MAY 2003
Authors: Yvonne F. Barnard; Guy A. Boy; EUROPEAN INST OF COGNITIVE SCIENCES ANDENGINEERING EURISCO INT TOULOUSE (FRANCE)                                                    
Observation tasks such as terrain analysis in military missions can be characterized by an overload of potentially important information, time pressure and uncertainty about the meaning and importance of information. The use of sensory and cognitive functions should be augmented to support such task performance and training. This paper proposes to combine ancient ideas with new technologies in order to realize this augmentation. The ancient ideas come from the Greek: ...


A Capillary Assisted Thermosyphon For Shipboard Electronics Cooling
02 MAY 2003
112 pages
Authors: Eric H. Larsen; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD                                                    
Recent advances in capillary pumped loop technology were incorporated into the design of a vertical flat plate evaporator for cooling high power electronics aboard naval vessels. This investigation included the design, fabrication, and experimentation of an evaporator plate configured for installation into a standard Navy electronics cabinet, Combining both the characteristics of a Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) and a thermosyphon, this design integrated the wick from a CPL and the ...


Human Factors Associated With the Certification of Airplane Passenger Seats: Life Preserver Retrieval
MAY 2003
16 pages
Authors: Van Gowdy; Rick DeWeese; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST                                                    
A series of human subject tests were conducted by the Biodynamics Research Team at the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) to investigate human factors associated with the "easy reach" requirement in FAA regulations for under-seat mounted life preservers. The protocol was designed to observe and measure the effects of human physical attributes and life preserver installation features relevant to the retrieval of life preservers. A mockup of a 30-inch ...


Record of Public Meeting for Operational Test of Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis (PFNA) Cargo Inspection System at Ysleta Port of Entry Commercial Cargo Facility, El Paso, Texas
MAR 2003
97 pages
Authors: James Spacco; Stephen Haimbach; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIV VA                                                    
This document summarizes a public meeting held in connection with the environmental assessment conducted as part of the operational test of the Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis (PFNA) Cargo Inspection System at Ysleta Port of Entry Commercial Cargo Facility located in El Paso, Texas. The meeting was held in El Paso, Texas, on 14 January 2003 to inform the public about the project and to provide a forum for citizens and ...



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Exhaust Gas Scrubber Washwater Effluent
Nov 2011
47 pages
Authors: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC                                                    
This document contains information about effluent washwater discharges associated with the operation of exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCSs), also known as sulfur oxide (SOx) scrubbers, onboard vessels. The use of scrubbers to clean the exhaust from marine engines using high sulfur residual oil and diesel fuels is an option for reducing SOx air emissions required by Annex VI of the MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. ...


Firefighting and Emergency Response Study of Advanced Composites Aircraft. Objective 4: Post Fire Decontamination of Personal Protection Equipment
Nov 2011
34 pages
Authors: Howard T Mayfield; Brent M Pickett; Timothy J Shelley; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE                                                    
Concerns existed regarding the decontamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) exposed to fires involving advanced composite materials (ACM). The concerns focused on soot particles and fugitive fiber emissions produced from burning ACM and expected to deposit on turnout suits and equipment. Contaminants to PPE were studied from live ACM fires and from contact with burned ACM. Photomicrography techniques were developed to provide quantitative measures of the contaminants. MATLAB and the ...


Using a Volume Bragg Grating Instead of a Faraday Isolator in Lasers Incorporating Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Wavefront Reversal or Beam Cleanup
29 Aug 2011
Authors: John E McElhenny; Jeffrey O White; Steven D Rogers; Tigran Sanamyan; Leonid B Glebov; Oleksiy Mokhun; Vadim I Smirnov; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD                                                    
A master-oscillator power-amplifier with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) beam cleanup or wavefront reversal typically incorporates a Faraday isolator to outcouple the Stokes light, limiting the power scalability. Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) have the potential for scaling to higher powers. We report here the results of tests on a VBG designed to resolve wavelengths 0.060 nm apart, corresponding to the 16 GHz frequency shift for SBS backscattering at 1064 nm in ...


Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Exploratory Development for Air Force Systems. Delivery Order 0001: Quick Reaction NDE and Characterization--Effects of Chemical Effects of Chemical Etching after Pre-Inspection Mechanical Cleaning on Fluorescent Penetrant
Aug 2011
78 pages
Authors: Noel A Tracy; UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGY CORP DAYTON OH                                                    
A study was conducted to gather data on the ability of etching to recover FPI crack indications degraded by mechanically cleaning cracked specimens made of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718. The data showed that minimal etching does not sufficiently overcome the deleterious effects of certain mechanical cleaning methods to provide for a subsequent reliable fluorescent-penetrant inspection, and the amount of etching required to recover some crack indications would not be allowed ...


Improved Round Trip Efficiency for Regenerative Fuel Cell Systems
15 JUL 2011
6 pages
Authors: Katherine E. Ayers; PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS INC WALLINGFORD CT                                                    
Phase 1 of the project was completed with successful achievement of the go/no go metrics. Additional follow on work is expected for the membrane evaluation but has not yet been exercised. Phase 2 on the regenerative fuel cell system was initiated. Refurbishment of the regenerative fuel cell test stand was initially funded, followed by upgrades to the system later in the quarter. A detailed plan was developed and initiated for ...


Developing Functional Parameters for a Science-Based Vehicle Cleaning Program to Reduce Transport of Non-Indigenous Invasive Plant Species
Jun 2011
64 pages
Authors: Lisa J Rew; Joseph Fleming; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN                                                    
Many land management activities on Federal, State, and private lands involve the movement of vehicles and equipment along gravel roads and in off-road locations where plant propagules can be picked up and transported. When relocated to new areas invasive and nonnative species of plants can become established and compromise the native ecosystem service and function. Plant propagules can be transported directly on the undercarriage components of vehicles. Several contractors have ...


Produce Sanitation System Evaluation
MAY 2011
32 pages
Authors: John Gildea; Louis Jamieson; ARMY NATICK SOLDIER RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA                                                    
This report documents an evaluation, performed by the Department of Defense (DoD) Combat Feeding Directorate (CFD), of an automated produce cleansing and sanitizing sink in an effort to facilitate a more effective and efficient means for cleansing and sanitizing fresh fruits and vegetables (FF&V) aboard Navy vessels, The sink saves labor associated with the washing of produce in food service operations by automatically performing this effort, thus allowing food service ...


Contaminant Mass Transfer During Boiling in Fractured Geologic Media
Apr 2011
120 pages
Authors: Ronald W Falta; Lawrence C Murdoch; CLEMSON UNIV SC                                                    
The DoD is responsible for cleanup of groundwater that is contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOC) at thousands of sites. Many of these sites are underlain by fractured rocks or soils with significant matrix porosity. As dissolved CVOC and dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) move through fracture networks, the CVOC diffuse into the lower permeability matrix materials, where they can remain for hundreds of years. Remediation options for treating ...


Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Pain Comorbidity in Veterans
Dec 2010
4 pages
Authors: Erin E Krebs; INDIANA UNIV INDIANAPOLIS                                                    
Our objectives are to analyze existing clinical and administrative data in Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 11 to determine: 1) whether the presence of pain affects diagnosis and treatment of PTSD among VA patients who have a positive PTSD screening test; and 2) the effects of PTSD/pain comorbidity on utilization of mental health, primary care, and pain-related health services. The first task outlined in our Statement of Work is to ...


Demonstration/Validation of Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAC) for Hand Wipe Cleaning Applications
OCT 2010
407 pages
Authors: Wayne Ziegler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
Traditionally, vehicle, equipment, aircraft, and ship maintenance utilize organic solvents containing hazardous air pollutants (HAP), such as MIL-PRF-680, xylene, & methyl ethyl ketone, to remove dirt, grease, soot, paint debris, and burned-on carbon from various parts. Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAC), a HAP-free & volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt solvent, can enable the DoD to demonstrate compliance with NESHAP & VOC regulations without performing the extensive record keeping required when using ...


Determinants of Weight Gain in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Apr-2009
15 pages
Authors: Christine Ambrosone; Chi-Chen Hong; Dana H Bovbjerg; John Cowell; Stephen Edge; Susan McCann; Swati Kulkarni; Tracey O'Connor; Jihnhee Yu; HEALTH RESEARCH INC BUFFALO NY                                                    
Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis is common, and has been associated with poorer prognosis. The goals of the study are to examine weight gain relation to treatment-related changes in sex hormone levels, and in relation to genetic polymorphisms in sex hormone pathways, accounting for potential interactions with energy balance, psychosocial factors, tumor characteristics, cancer treatment, and medication use. A prospective longitudinal study of weight gain is being conducted in ...


Demonstration of a Sample Preparation Method for Biological Detection Based on a Novel Membrane Fractionation Technology
31 DEC 2008
Authors: Andrew Page; Pam Murowchick; ALBURTYLAB INC DREXEL MO                                                    
L WI funding has been obtained to gather proof-of-concept data for passing DNA from lysed bacteria through a membrane and for concentrating DNA in the concentrator cell. AlburtyLab has data showing high efficiency ( ~99%) for passing Bovine serum albumin through an appropriate membrane and data showing high efficiency (~60%) for concentrating 0.03 )liD microspheres with the system. Data showing similar efficiencies for DNA would significantly improve the quality of ...


Decontamination Workshop for Emergency Responding Personnel "How Clean is Clean Enough" 12-14 September 2007
01-Sep-2008
82 pages
Authors: Gary Eifried; Michael DeZearn; EAI CORP ABINGDON MD                                                    
The Decontamination Workshop, How Clean is Clean Enough? was conducted 12-14 September 2007 at Aberdeen Marriott, Aberdeen MD. The purpose was to determine an acceptable level of decontamination for victims before they can be released from a chemical incident site. Answers to this difficult question will influence ongoing and future decontamination equipment performance standards. The workshop brought together individuals from federal, state, and local agencies so that all pertinent concerns ...


Strategic Technical Baselines for UK Nuclear Clean-up Programmes
Sep-2008
15 pages
Authors: Brian Ensor; NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING AUTHORITY CUMBRIA (UNITED KINGDOM)                                                    
OUTLINE: Background to NDA and our responsibilities * Context of issues and challenges * NDA approach to Technical Underpinning (Technical Baselines; Technology Readiness Levels; R&D needs, risks, opportunities) Progress to date and way forward. BACKGROUND: NDA established by Government in April 2005 to: (1) Safely clean up the UK civil public sector nuclear legacy with due regard to the environment and socio-economic issues (2) Ensure that current commercial operations are ...


Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Phase Conjugation in Fiber Optic Waveguides
01-Jul-2008
199 pages
Authors: Steven M Massey; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
The objective of this research effort was to demonstrate the path to continuous wave, coherent beam combination through stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation in optical fiber. This work experimentally determined the fiber parameters necessary for phase conjugation in step-index optical fiber. Continuous wave phase conjugation using stimulated Brillouin scattering in step-index fibers was achieved for the first time with a fidelity of 0.8 and a threshold power of 16 W ...


Preparation of Ultra Thin Polystyrene, Polypropylene and Polyethylene Films on Si Substrate Using Spin Coating Technology
04 JAN 2008
29 pages
Authors: Evgeniya Lock; Scott Walton; Richard Fernsler; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC PLASMA PHYSICS DIV                                                    
Preparation of ultra thin polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene films on silicon substrate using the spin coating technique is discussed in this report. The influence of various process parameters on the obtained film quality including Si wafer preparation, choice of solvent, influence of the solution concentration on the coating and sample positioning on the spin coater are shown. The polymer film surface morphology, thickness and chemical composition were analyzed by atomic ...


Hazardous Waste: Information on How DOD and Federal and State Regulators Oversee the Off-Site Disposal of Waste from DOD Installations
NOV 2007
Authors: Anu K. Mittal; Edward Zadjura; Leigh White; Richard Johnson; Kirk Menard; Alison O'Neill; Peter Singer; Jay Spaan; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC                                                    
DOD primarily relies on private contractors to handle the off-site disposal of hazardous waste generated by its installations. While DOD has procedures aimed at ensuring that its contractors select appropriate transporters and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities for the waste generated at installations, it relies on federal and state environmental regulators to ensure that this hazardous waste is disposed of properly. The procedures that DOD follows regarding the disposal of ...


Biofouling and Design of a Biomimetic Hull-Grooming Tool
14-Sep-2007
38 pages
Authors: Nikita Kohli; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD                                                    
Biofouling, the accumulation of biological detritus on a hard substrate, has plagued the United Navy. Fouling causes increased hydrodynamic drag, resulting in increased fuel consumption and decreased speed and range. The purpose of this investigation was to research the formation of fouling, mechanisms of prevention, and tools for its removal. The Navy currently uses a copper-based antifouling coating that releases copper into the water, killing the fouling organisms. There is ...


Processing of Training Range Soils for the Analysis of Energetic Compounds
SEP 2007
34 pages
Authors: Alan Hewitt; Susan Bigl; Marianne Walsh; Sylvie Brochu; Kevin Bjella; Dennis Lambert; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB                                                    
Large soil samples are often necessary to represent areas where analytes are distributed as particulates. Proper processing of these large samples impose additional time, space, and equipment requirements on the laboratory community servicing environmental programs to investigate military training ranges. Part of this study evaluated the robustness of two methods used to process large soil samples for the determination of energetic munitions residues whole sample mechanical grinding (comminution) and solvent ...


Military Base Closures: Role and Costs of Environmental Cleanup
31 AUG 2007
Authors: David M. Bearden; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
Near the end of its first session, the 109th Congress approved a new round of military base closures and realignments. As the Department of Defense (DoD) implements the new round, issues for the 110th Congress include the pace and costs of closing and realigning the bases and the impacts on surrounding communities. The disposal of surplus property has stimulated interest among affected communities in terms of how the land can ...


Perchlorate Contamination of Drinking Water: Regulatory Issues and Legislative Actions
04 APR 2007
Authors: Mary Tiemann; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
Perchlorate is the explosive component of solid rocket fuel, fireworks, road flares, and other products. Used mainly by the Department of Defense (DOD) and related industries, perchlorate occurs naturally and is present in some organic fertilizer. This soluble, persistent compound has been detected in sources of drinking water for more than 11 million people. It also has been found in milk, fruits, and vegetables. Concern over the potential health risks ...


Military Base Closures: Opportunities Exist to Improve Environmental Cleanup Cost Reporting and to Expedite Transfer of Unneeded Property
JAN 2007
56 pages
Authors: GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC                                                    
While expected environmental cleanup costs for unneeded property arising from the 2005 BRAC round are not yet fully known, Department of Defense (DOD) data indicate that about $950 million will be needed to clean up these bases, adding to the estimated $13.2 billion total cleanup cost for the prior rounds. Although DOD's cleanup program has matured compared to prior BRAC rounds, there are still many unknowns and the cleanup estimate ...


Performance of a Diesel, JP-8 Reformer
27-Nov-2006
5 pages
Authors: Subir Roychoudhury; Dennis Walsh; Deryn Chu; Erik Kallio; PRECISION COMBUSTION INC NORTH HAVEN CT                                                    
Under a U. S. Army program, Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI) has developed and demonstrated an ultra compact and lightweight 2 - 5 kWe diesel reformer and desulfurizer producing 1 ppm sulfur in reformate. The prototype includes a steam generator, fuel/air/water pumps, premixer, atomizer, igniter, sulfur cleanup and a controller to enable stand-alone operation. The reforming reactor was based on a small, modular catalytic reactor, which utilized patented Microlith substrates and ...


Military Base Closures: Role and Costs of Environmental Cleanup
03 OCT 2006
Authors: David M. Bearden; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
Near the end of its first session, the 109th Congress approved a new round of military base closures and realignments. As the Department of Defense (DOD) implements the new round, potential issues include the pace and costs of closing and realigning the bases and the impacts on surrounding communities. The disposal of property on these bases has stimulated interest among affected communities in how the land can be redeveloped to ...


Financial Management: Internal Controls Over Compiling and Reporting Environmental Liabilities Data
15 MAR 2006
40 pages
Authors: OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR AUDITING OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Who Should Read This Report and Why? DoD civilians and unifbn%ed officers responsible for envfrorn%ental cost estimating and financial reporting should read this report. It discusses internal controls over compiling and reporting cost%o-complete estimates for envfrorn%ental liabilities included in the Air Force annual financial statements. Background. This audit is required by Public Law 101-576, Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Financial Management Act of 1994. ...


Multiple Channel Laser Beam Combination and Phasing Using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers
22 DEC 2005
176 pages
Authors: Brent W. Grime; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
Brightness scaling lasers using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers is explored. A multiple-channel amplifier approach is used to increase the total power of a laser system while avoiding a significant burden on a single channel. The work explores two approaches utilizing both SBS beam cleanup and SBS piston error conjugation. A unique beam combiner that takes advantage of the SBS beam cleanup properties of a long, gradient-index multimode ...


Development of Passivation Technology for Improved GaN/AlGaN HEMT Performance and Reliability
SEP 2005
80 pages
Authors: C. R. Abernathy; Angela Hunter-Edwards; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING                                                    
Under the support of this contract, we have been successful in mitigating the current collapse that is found in nitride based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) that is responsible for low power performance from these devices. We have successfully and repeatedly grown oxide material that, along with surface cleaning recipes, reduce the surface states and reduce the device-device surface leakage. As part of the recipe development we have studied fundamental ...


Federal Environmental Remediation Contractual and Insurance-Based Risk Allocation Schemes: Are They Getting the Job Done?
31 AUG 2005
116 pages
Authors: Amy L. Momber; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH                                                    
Federal environmental remediation projects are laden with risks - risks that are often undetectable before remediation work begins. Recognizing they cannot specifically account for such unknown contingencies via contract, the Government and remediation contractors employ contractual and insurance-based methods to shift or reduce their respective risks. This thesis examines and critiques the effectiveness of such risk-shifting measures as they pertain to the Government, the remediation contractor, and, most importantly, getting ...


Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup Costs: Implications of Alternative Protocols
17 AUG 2005
Authors: Jacqueline MacDonald; Carmen Mendez; RAND ARROYO CENTER  SANTA MONICA CA                                                    
With continued military downsizing and base closures, cleanup of unexploded ordnance (UXO) at former weapons ranges has become one of the most costly environmental problems the military faces. This study examines cost estimation for UXO remediation conducted at closed military installations, the difficulties of accurately estimating cleanup costs, and the major effects that different cleanup requirements and methods can have on cost.


Interaction of Candidate Cleaning Solutions for Sensitive Equipment Decontamination With Polymeric Materials
17 AUG 2005
8 pages
Authors: Brian S. Ince; Wendel J. Shuely; SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMANDABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
Chemical-polymer compatibility is an important criterion for the cleaning, decontamination, and extraction of hazardous chemicals from sensitive equipment (electronics, optics, and other advanced polymeric materials). Candidate cleaning fluids for sensitive equipment include fluorocarbons and supercritical fluids. The initial evaluation strategy involves the measurement of the sorption and desorption diffusion coefficients of the candidate cleaning fluid in a spectrum of polymer compositions. The objective was to characterize the complete desorption process ...


Military Base Closures: Role and Costs of Environmental Cleanup
27 JUN 2005
Authors: David M. Bearden; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The upcoming 2005 round of military base closings has stimulated interest among potentially affected communities in how the bases to be selected for closure might be economically redeveloped to replace lost jobs. Environmental contamination can present a challenge to economic redevelopment, if funding or technological constraints would limit cleanup of the land to a degree that would be safe for its intended use. Most of the lands on bases closed ...


Advanced Testing of Safe-Solvent Replacements for CFC-113 for Use in Cleaning Oxygen Systems
JUN 2005
Authors:
Use and Production of CFC-113 Restricted; - Replacement Cleaning Solvent Needed - Solvency As Good or Better Than CFC-113 Non-Flammable Compatible With Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Low Toxicity or Non-Toxic Acceptable Environmental Properties Similar Volatility and Other Physical Properties Manufacturable at Reasonable Cost.


Military Base Closures: Role and Costs of Environmental Cleanup
11 APR 2005
Authors: David M. Bearden; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The upcoming 2005 round of military base closings has stimulate interest among potentially affected communities in how the bases to be selected for closure might be economically redeveloped to replace lost jobs. Environmental contamination can present a challenge to economic redevelopment, if funding or technological constraints would limit cleanup of the land to a degree that would be safe for its intended use. Most of the lands on bases closed ...


Expert Consensus on MIC - Prevention and Monitoring, Part 1
2005
7 pages
Authors: P. J. Scott; CARIAD CONSULTANTS TORONTO (ONTARIO)                                                    
Originally produced by NACE Task Group 304 as a report on industrial practice currently recommended by experts in the field of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), this article discusses the best available techniques and strategies for handling MIC problems. It summarizes prevention and monitoring, and provides references where detailed descriptions of useful techniques may be found. Failure analysis and control will be outlined in part two of this article, which will ...


An Evaluation of Carbon Steel Corrosion Under Stagnant Seawater Conditions
OCT 2004
14 pages
Authors: Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Edward J. Lemieux; Alexander U. Falster; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV                                                    
Corrosion of 1020 carbon steel coupons in natural seawater over a 1- year period was more aggressive under strictly anaerobic stagnant conditions than under aerobic stagnant conditions as measured by weight loss and instantaneous corrosion rate (polarization resistance). Under oxygenated conditions, a two-tiered oxide layer of lepidocrocite/ goethite formed. The inner layer was extremely tenacious and resistant to acid cleaning. Under anaerobic conditions, the corrosion product was initially a non-tenacious ...


Evaluating an Ultrasound Algorithm for Patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma
01 SEP 2004
11 pages
Authors: Ara J. Feinstein; Mark G. McKenney; Stephen M. Cohn; MIAMI UNIV FL RYDER TRAUMA CENTER                                                    
The ideal assessment of the blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) patient would be sensitive, specific, economical, fast, and without complications. By combining ultrasound (US) with computed tomography (CT) and diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), an effective algorithm can be derived to accurately evaluate BAT. We prospectively evaluated a series of patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma using an algorithm with ultrasound as the initial screening modality to determine if it would be ...


The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in Breast Carcinoma Progression, Diagnosis, and Screening
AUG 2004
206 pages
Authors: Sanford H. Barsky; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES                                                    
In glandular organs, precancerous state precedes invasive carcinoma. In the breast this state is recognized as DCIS and consists of an epithelial cell proliferation confined by myoepithelial cells. Our laboratory has established cell line/xenografts of myoepithelial cells. Our myoepithelial cell lines inhibit invasion and motility of breast carcinoma lines in vitro largely through maspin. The overall hypothesis of this proposal was how does myoepithelial maspin regulate breast (DClS) carcinoma progression ...


Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Molecular Analysis of Ductal Lavage Fluid
JUN 2004
47 pages
Authors: Saraswati Sukumar; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD                                                    
Reliable intermediate biological markers for breast cancer risk, than can be easily detected in both pre- and post- menopausal women, do not exist at the present time. For more than 20 years, the ability to access breast ductal fluid through the nipple has prompted initiatives to develop a PAP-like test for breast cancer. Yields were variable, not every woman yielded fluid, and there was no assurance of obtaining samples from ...


ESTCP Technology Demonstration Final Report: Field Demonstration of Rhizosphere-Enhanced Treatment of Organics-Contaminated Soils on Native American Lands With Application to Northern FUD Sites
JUN 2004
98 pages
Authors: C. M. Reynolds; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB                                                    
The problem that these ESTCP demonstrations addressed is surface soil contaminated with petroleum, located at remote sites, covering large areas, and in cold climates. There are many such Department of Defense (DoD) sites in Alaska. These sites are generally not easily accessible, thus increasing the costs of mobilization and demobilization, have limited infrastructure to support traditional cleanup, are subject to harsh winters, causing equipment failures. Conventional cleanup strategies are sufficiently ...


PC - Working Places and Conjunctival Germs
JUN 2004
Authors: Helga Hahn; FERNWAERME WIEN GMBH  VIENNA (AUSTRIA) DEPT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH                                                    
This study set out to answer the following question: Is it possible to draw conclusions bout workers' hygiene and the hygienic status of the mouse and keyboard from the conjunctival germ spectrum found at personal computer (PC) workstations? To find out, different workstations were investigated: those where the keyboard and mouse were used by only one employee, and those where the keyboard and mouse were used by several employees. The ...


Offshore In-Situ Burn Familiarization Video (CD-ROM)
Jun-2004
Authors: COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT                                                    
ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 9 files; Datavideo files. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 428 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: Datavideo player is included on disc. Video playtime is 20 min. ABSTRACT: Video demonstrating the techniques and usefulness of in-situ burn (ISB) to facilitate the clean-up of offshore oil spills.


Estrogen-Induced Depurination of DNA: A Novel Target for Breast Cancer Prevention
MAY 2004
33 pages
Authors: Ercole Cavalieri; NEBRASKA UNIV MEDICAL CENTER OMAHA                                                    
The hypothesis that depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts initiate breast cancer by generating mutations is at the center of the research in this BCCOE. Inhibition of this adduct formation is anticipated to reduce estrogen-induced mutagenesis, neoplastic transformation and development of tumors. The research includes: (1) Testing the ability of two preventative agents to inhibit the induction of mammary tumors in female ACI rats implanted with estradiol. The profile of estrogen metabolites, conjugates, ...


Guidance for Optimizing Remedy Evaluation, Selection, and Design
APR 2004
60 pages
Authors: NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA                                                    
This document provides a general overview and explanation of key optimization concepts as they pertain to the FS, ROD, and RD cleanup phases. This document is not intended to provide guidance on determining site-specific risk-based cleanup goals, performing risk assessments, conducting site assessments and background investigations, or other sitespecific contaminant characterization activities for which United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and Navy guidance already exists. Rather, this document complements ...


Lessons Learned Using Fractions to Assess Risk at Petroleum Release Sites
APR 2004
50 pages
Authors: Dennis A. Reed; Teresa R. Sterner; OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP BEAVERCREEK OH                                                    
Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractional analysis and tiered risk assessments at petroleum release sites are replacing cleanup approaches based upon total TPH concentrations. Field demonstrations of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) approach for assessing human health risk at petroleum release sites were performed at eight Department of Defense installations. One site also provided an opportunity to demonstrate the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection methodology and compare the ...


In Situ Thermal Treatment of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications
01-Mar-2004
146 pages
Authors: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE                                                    
This report contains information about the use of in situ thermal treatment technologies to treat chlorinated solvents in source zones containing free-phase contamination or high concentrations of contaminants that are either sorbed to soil or dissolved in groundwater in the saturated or unsaturated zone. Chlorinated solvent source zones have a high frequency of occurrence at hazardous waste sites. In situ thermal treatment technologies have proven to be effective in remediating ...


Expert Consensus on MIC: Prevention and Monitoring, Part 1
MAR 2004
6 pages
Authors: P. J. Scott; Sue Borenstein; Freeman Blackburn; Bruce Cookingham; Dan Demarco; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV                                                    
This article, produced by NACE International Task Group 304, discusses the general industrial practice currently recommended by experts in the field of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Part 1 of two parts, the article discusses where MIC problems are likely to occur (e.g., pipelines, the chemical process industry, cooling water systems, fire protection systems, docks, piers, oil platforms, other quatic structures, pulp and paper machinery, power generation plants, and desalination equipment); ...


Novel Recruitment Techniques for a Study of Culture-Specific Diet, Metabolic Variability and Breast Cancer Risk in African-American Women
AUG 2003
160 pages
Authors: Fred F. Kadlubar; Christine B. Ambrosone; NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH JEFFERSON AR                                                    
There are few studies examining breast cancer risk in African Americans and fewer still in the rural south. African-American women are more frequently diagnosed with aggressive breast cancer than Caucasian women. Socioeconomic factors do not completely explain the ethnic differences in breast cancer mortality. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a novel method of recruitment, focused primarily on minority women, and investigate previously unexplored risk factors for ...


Joint Service Solvent Substitution Methodology
MAY 2003
28 pages
Authors: NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA                                                    
The Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) was tasked to develop a process that can be used to ensure successful implementation of environmentally friendly solvents. NFESC contacted and coordinated with the Navy, Army, and Air Force to develop a Joint Service Solvent Substitution Methodology." The methodology, derived in part from existing information supplied by these DOD agencies, can be used as a tool for establishing the compatibility, environmental, and cleaning ...


90-Day Oral Toxicity Study on n-Nonane in female Fisher 344 Rats and Male C57BL/6 Mice
MAY 2003
43 pages
Authors: Darol R. Dodd; Robin E. Wolfe; Daniel L. Pollard; Elaine A. Merrill; Teresa R. Sterner; OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP BEAVERCREEK OH                                                    
Contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products is a common environmental problem at Air Force (AF) bases and other Department of Defense (DOD) installations. At over 4000 groundwater contamination sites belonging to the AF, approximately 60 percent involve some type of petroleum product. Petroleum products include gasoline, diesel fuel and jet propulsion (JP) fuel. Millions of dollars are spent each year to assess and remediate petroleum contamination. However, much ...


Modeling Catalytic Destruction of Subsurface Contaminants in Recirculating Wells
MAR 2003
90 pages
Authors: Kerry J. Cadena; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
Groundwater and soil contamination is a significant problem throughout the nation, with approximately 300,000 to 400,000 sites affected (National Research Council, 1994). Examples of groundwater contaminants of special interest to DoD and AF installations include fuel hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and nitroaromatic compounds. Traditional remediation technologies, which include pump-and-treat, pen%permeable reactive barriers, and natural attenuation, have numerous drawbacks associated with them. These drawbacks have prompted researchers to look for innovative contamination ...



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Strength-to-Weight Optimization of Titanium Pyramidal Core Sandwich Plates
JUN 2007
23 pages
Authors: Jason R. Tice; Kevin J. Doherty; Marc Zupan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
Future military vehicles demand increasingly mass-efficient structural armor systems to satisfy design requirements of increased mobility and survivability. In order to fully realize lightweight solutions, sandwich plates consisting of monolithic facesheets and a low-density cellular core are targeted as an integral ingredient in these armor systems, providing both structural strength and stiffness via through-the-thickness load-bearing potential. In this study, sandwich plates consisting of thin facesheets and a periodic pyramidal core ...


Corrosion of Cellular Metals in Marine Environments
30 SEP 2006
35 pages
Authors: John R. Scully; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING                                                    
The specific objective of this research is to establish the foundation to enable the next generation of corrosion resistance cellular metals for high performance naval applications. The basis for this work is an interdisciplinary approach that aims to understand: (a) the electrochemical, chemical, and metallurgical conditions that corrode cellular metals in marine environments when fabricated by brazing processes, (b) the impact of braze fabrication time, temperature and diffusion length on ...


Joining of Gamma Titanium Aluminides
SEP 2002
114 pages
Authors: William A. Baeslack III; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE                                                    
This report summarizes, interprets and comparatively discusses the results of research and development performed on the joining of gamma titanium aluminides during the past two decades. Although organized and presented by joining process, many of the observations made and relationships developed, particularly those regarding the weldability and welding metallurgy of gamma titanium aluminides, are broadly applicable. Generally, the basic welding processes and techniques utilized in the fusion and solid -state ...


Research and Development (R&D) Status Report Advanced Materials Partnerships
DEC 2001
9 pages
Authors: Steven V. Axelband; ITT INDUSTRIES INC CLIFTON NJ AVIONICSDIV                                                    
Machined and brazed AlBeMet versions of the SIRFC LRU-1 (Receiver- Processor), LRU-2 (Transmitter), LRU-3 (Modulator) and LRU-4 (Antenna group) structures and electronic modules have been fabricated, assembled and extensively tested. Environmental screening and qualification testing and extensive engineering tests have proven the suitability of AlBeMet as a lightweight structural material for electronic systems. Attached is an Engineering Environmental Test Report for vibration tests performed on a brazed SIRFC LRU-1 chassis. ...


Thermal Management Research Studies. Volume 1: High Performance Miniature Heat Pipes
MAR 2001
86 pages
Authors: Rengasamy Ponnappan; Lanchao Lin; UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYSTEMS INC DAYTON OHHUMAN FACTORS DIV                                                    
High performance miniature heat pipes are developed for the cooling of high heat flux electronics using new capillary structures which rely on the use of a folded copper sheet fin and a folded copper screen. Using the folded sheet fin, capillary fins with fully opened grooves and folded sheet fins with notches at the fin top are made through a brazing process and the electric- discharge-machining technique. The use of ...


International Conference on Welded Structures Held in Kiev, Ukraine on October 2000. Abstracts of Poster Papers
OCT 2000
167 pages
Authors: OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH EUROPEAN OFFICE FPO AE 09499-0700                                                    
This volume contains abstracts in Russian with their English translations for papers presented at the International Conference on 'Welded Structures' held in Kiev, Ukraine in October 2000. Conference session topics include: strength of welded joints; quality control, technical diagnostics and evaluation of residual life of welded structures; technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, cutting and coating; and, certification of products of welding industry and attestation of specialists.  ...


Investigation of Charged Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields
30 AUG 96
22 pages
Authors: C. K. Axton; O. Ishihara; J. Maston; V. Tyson; K. W. Zieher; TEXAS TECH UNIV LUBBOCK DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING                                                    
Photon interaction with plasma turbulence induced by relativistic beam-plasma instability was stud by the 2 and 1/2 D particle simulation code MAGIC. The relativistic beam induced the instability through coupling between the beam plasma mode and an electromagnetic mode resulting in electromagnetic turbulence. The observed growth rate of the instability, as a function of beam velocity and wave vector, agreed well with the linear theory. Harmonic generation is observed in ...


Ultrasonic Inspection of Titan IV Stage I Baffles
01 MAR 96
14 pages
Authors: J. P. Nokes; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA MECHANICS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY CENTER                                                    
The first-stage Titan Iv engine employs a set of seven CRES 347 stainless-steel baffles mounted to the injector for protection against combustion instabilities. Recent baffle design changes resulted in the failure of several baffles during engine acceptance testing. These failures generated concerns about the structural integrity of the new baffle design, which was employed in the construction of a number of engines, including those of the Titan Iv K-23 vehicle, ...


Ductile - Ductile Beryllium Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Manufactured by Extrusion
01 DEC 94
6 pages
Authors: Nancy F. Levoy; NUCLEAR METALS INC CONCORD MA                                                    
Beryllium-aluminum alloys are unique, in-situ ductile-ductile metal matrix composite alloys. Cast and extruded beryllium-aluminum composite alloys are expected to have a unique combination of properties that are attractive for applications such as ground and space based interceptor and tracking systems that require minimum weight, high stiffness, good damping capacity and thermal stability. Compared with other metal matrix composites, cast and extruded beryllium-aluminum composites are expected to have the advantages of: ...


Ductile - Ductile Beryllium Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Manufactured by Extrusion
01 NOV 94
5 pages
Authors: Nancy F. Levoy; NUCLEAR METALS INC CONCORD MA                                                    
Beryllium-aluminum alloys are unique, in-situ ductile-ductile metal matrix composite alloys. Cast and extruded beryllium-aluminum composite alloys are expected to have a unique combination of properties that are attractive for applications such as ground and space based interceptor and tracking systems that require minimum weight, high stiffness, good damping capacity and thermal stability. Compared with other metal matrix composites, cast and extruded beryllium-aluminum composites are expected to have the advantages of: ...


Out-of-Furnace Brazing Technology for Assembly of Large Carbon-Carbon Space Structures
APR 1994
52 pages
Authors: G. Freitas; S. Khatri; FOSTER-MILLER INC WALTHAM MA                                                    
In this Phase I SBIR program, Foster-Miller demonstrated the feasibility of an innovative joining technique for two-dimensional carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials using active braze alloys. Traditionally, brazing of C/C composites required use of high- temperature vacuum furnaces. Vacuum brazing required expensive capital equipment with a limited working area and brazing cycles on the order of several hours to more than a day. The Foster-Miller technique utilized a controlled atmosphere induction ...


Thoriated-Tungsten, Split-Ring, Hollow-Cathode Electrode for Discharge Devices.
14 MAR 1994
Authors: Edward J. Seibert; Gerald D. Ferguson; Marie E. Taylor; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC                                                    
An electrode assembly for a gas or metal vapor discharge device is disclosed. A pair of electrode assemblies each comprising thoriated tungsten with an alloy composition of tungsten (W) and from about 2% to about 3% of thorium dioxide ThO2 are located at opposite ends of the discharge chamber of the discharge device. The tip of the electrode preferably has four slots equally spaced around its circumference and a groove ...


Zirconia-TZM Brazed Joints.
1994
Authors: D. C. Dixon; BRITISH AEROSPACE PLC BRISTOL (UNITED KINGDOM)                                                    
Brazing is a common method of joining metals to ceramics, and many combinations of materials and braze alloys have been reported in recent years. However, little work has been reported on brazed joints between zirconia and TZM, a high temperature molybdenum alloy. This letter describes the results of a series of brazing tests carried out in argon to examine potential brazing methods for magnesia-stabilized zirconia (MSZ) and TZM (Mo-0.5 Ti-0.1 ...


Space Storable Rocket Technology Program (SSRT)
05 AUG 93
Authors: Melvin L. Chazen; Thomas Mueller; Thomas Rust; TRW SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY GROUP REDONDO BEACH CA APPLIED TECHNOLOGY DIV                                                    
The SSRT Option 1 Program has continued to establish a technology base for a new class high performance/long life L02-N2H4 space storable engines. The Option 1 Program evaluated two new injector elements, two different methods of injector thermal protection, high temperature rhenium properties and methods of joining rhenium thrust chamber to columbium injector and nozzle. Additional critical experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of G02 injection into the chamber, ...


Materials and Manufacturing Processes. Special Issue on Ceramic-Metal Joining. Volume 8, Number 2
93
Authors: T. S. Sudarshan; T. S. Srivatsan; MATERIALS MODIFICATION INC FAIRFAX VA                                                    
In this paper the technology for joining metals to ceramics is reviewed. The technologies of metal powder sintering, liquid phase joining with activated brazing alloys and with ceramic frit, solid-state joining, friction welding and mechanical fixation are described. In order to put some perspective on the mechanical data given in the literature, some evaluating remarks on mechanical testing are made.


Effects of the Relative Contents of Silver and Copper on the Interfacial Reactions and Bond Strength in the Active Brazing of SiC.
1993
Authors: Hyoung-Keun Lee; Sun-Hyo Hwang; Jai-Young Lee; KOREA AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY INST SEOUL                                                    
The roles of titanium in active brazing of SiC have been studied extensively, while studies on the roles of silver and copper, which constitute the major parts of the active brazing alloys, have been overlooked. The effects of the relative contents of silver and copper in the brazing alloy on the interfacial reactions and bond strength have been investigated in this study. The interfacial reactions can be divided into the ...


Ceramic to Metal Direct Brazing.
1993
Authors: F. Moret; N. Eustathopoulos; RESERVED SOURCE                                                    
The production of important components like first walls of thermonuclear power reactors, advanced automotive or aeronautic turbines and heat exchangers depends on the control of ceramic to metal joining techniques, especially direct brazing. Recent advances in two fundamental aspects of such techniques are reviewed: thermodynamics and mechanics. About thermodynamics, a general theory of wetting and adhesion of active filter alloys on oxide ceramics is described. This approach allows the determination ...


Ceramic/Metal Joining for Structures and Materials.
1993
Authors: A. P. Tomsia; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB                                                    
The paper presents a discussion of the various types of ceramic joining within a conceptual framework based on the fundamentals of wetting, adhesion, and the thermodynamics of interfacial reactions. Examples are given of solid state diffusion bonding of Pt to alumina and brazing of AlN. Most ceramic-metal bonding is conducted at high temperatures, where chemical reaction is to be expected. The way in which bond strength is affected by chemical ...


Failure Engineered Heavy Metal Penetrators
DEC 92
44 pages
Authors: Robert Cavalleri; W. Tiarn; D. Nicholson; APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES ORLANDO FL                                                    
The use of a layered tungsten penetrator as a replacement for depleted uranium in kinetic energy penetrators was investigated. The penetrator was fabricated using strips of tungsten which were vacuum brazed to form a single part. Two filler metals were investigated, copper and nickel along with built in mechanical shear lines. The objective of the shear line was to act as a fault line along which the penetrator would fracture. ...


JPRS Report Science and Technology Central Eurasia: Materials Science
20 AUG 92
33 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Partial Contents: (1) Analysis and Testing; (2) Ferrous Metals; (3) Nonferrous Metals and Alloys, Brazes and Solders; (4) Preparation; (5) Treatment; (6) Welding, Brazing and Soldering. This is report of Science & Technology Central Eurasia: Materials Science.


Accurate High Temperature Measurements in Microwave Environments,
27 APR 1992
Authors: Jason Mershon; LUXTRON CORP BEAVERTON OR ACCUFIBER DIV                                                    
The paper win explore the use of Optical Fiber Thermometry (OFT) in applications where coupling of microwave energy is the form of heating. These include sintering of ceramic materials, brazing, analytical work and other applications ranging from 200 deg C to 4000 deg C. OFT includes both contact and non-contact temperature measurement based on Aluminum Oxide (Sapphire) optical sensors. Proper methods of application, heat transfer solutions and expected results will ...


JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Materials Science
31 MAR 92
29 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Materials Science
26 MAR 92
55 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Materials Science
19 MAR 92
58 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Materials Science
16 MAR 92
52 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Materials Science
25 FEB 92
66 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
31 OCT 91
23 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
19 JUL 91
33 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
12 JUN 91
52 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
10 JUN 91
50 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
30 APR 91
43 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
10 APR 91
32 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
A Cryocooler for High Acceleration Applications
18 MAR 91
3 pages
Authors: ALABAMA CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING HUNTSVILLE                                                    
A schedule for completing the test program has been developed. Much of the effort will be devoted to understanding the details that affect the bonding process. There are two main bonding methods we will study. The first uses a glass frit - a mixture of fine glass particles and binder. The frit is applied to the spacers, the binder burned off, the plates and spacers assembled together and then the ...


JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
20 FEB 91
32 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
24 DEC 1990
37 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Science & Technology. USSR: Materials Science
07 MAR 1990
56 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FRIS) and Joint Publications  Research Service (JPRS) publications contain political, economic, military, and  sociological news, commentary, and other information, as well as scientific and  technical data and reports. All information has been obtained from foreign radio and television broadcasts, news agency transmissions, newspapers, books, and  periodicals. Items generally are processed from the first or best available  source; it should not be ...


Diamond Heat Sinks for Electronic Circuits
90
4 pages
Authors: Chou H. Li; LINTEL TECHNOLOGY INC ROSLYN NY                                                    
During the interim stage of this Phase I R and D, a useful metallizing procedure for bulk diamond has been developed, with natural diamond chips, granules, and polished wafers from two vendors. Small-scale statistical experiments were designed and executed by systematically varying several material and processing variables including: metallizing and brazing compositions, processing temperature and time, ambient control, and other procedural changes. Under selected combinations of these variables, metallizing of ...


JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
29 DEC 89
46 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
This report contains foreign media information on materials science concerning: nonferrous metals, alloys (titanium alloy), electron beam hardening, welding, brazing, soldering and thermoelectricity.


Firing Up the Future with Ceramic Engine Parts.
OCT 1989
Authors: M. Yoshida; A. Kokaji                                                    
Ceramic components in automobile engines promise to be lighter, and more fuel efficient. For example, an engine made entirely of ceramic could operate at high temperatures without cooling systems. Conventional, metal engines cannot resist temperatures over 1,000 degrees F without cooling systems, which decrease energy efficiency. But, ceramic materials have weaknesses that currently limit their use in engines. Designers are developing ways to overcome deficiencies such as brittleness and unpredictable ...


How to Succeed at CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing).
OCT 1989
Authors: J. R. Gyorki                                                    
Successful CIM projects depend on setting long-term goals and getting total commitment from top management. (Copyright 1989 Penton Publishing).


Keeping a Lid on Mold Processing Costs.
OCT 1989
Authors: C. Poli; S. M. Kuo; J. E. Sunderland                                                    
Molding costs can be minimized by using a rating method that indicates the relative difficulty of processing candidate designs. (Copyright 1989 Penton Publishing).


Rapid Prototyping: How to Stay the Course.
OCT 1989
Authors: R. Goering                                                    
Development of the RAIDS (Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detector System) Extreme Ultraviolet Wedge and Strip Detector
28 AUG 89
18 pages
Authors: D. C. Kayser; W. T. Chater; A. B. Christensen; C. K. Howey; J. B. Pranke; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA SPACE SCIENCES LAB                                                    
In the next few years the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detector System (RAIDS) package will be flown on a TRIOS spacecraft. The Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EUVS) experiment contains a position-sensitive detector based on wedge and strip anode technology. A detector design has been implemented in brazed alumina and Kovar to provide a rugged bakeable housing and anode. A stack of three 80:1 microchannel plates is operated at 3500-4100 V to ...


JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
20 JUN 89
30 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
16 MAY 89
45 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Materials Science
04 APR 89
65 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Brazed, Graphite Electrode, Multistage Depressed Collectors with 500-W, Continuous Wave, 4.8- to 9.6-GHz Traveling-Wave Tubes
MAR 89
19 pages
Authors: Peter Ramins; Ben Ebihara; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLEVELAND OH LEWIS RESEARCH CEN TER                                                    
A small, isotropic graphite electrode, multistage depressed collector (MDC) was designed, fabricated, and evaluated in conjunction with a 500-W, continuous wave (CW), 4.8- to 9.6-GHz traveling wave tube (TWT). The carbon electrode surfaces were used to improve the TWT overall efficiency by minimizing the secondary electron emission losses in the MDC. The design and fabrication of the brazed graphite MDC assembly are described. The brazing technique, which used copper braze ...


JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
08 JUL 1988
22 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
02 JUN 1988
35 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Materials Science
27 APR 1988
26 pages
Authors: JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Partial Contents: Analysis, Testing, Fracture Surface, Corrosion, Metal COrrosion, Nitrogen, Sugar Cane, Wax, Corrosion Resistance, Alloy, Titanium, Electrochemical Behavior, Crystalline States, Electrolytic Titanium, Niobium Powder, Iron Powders, Cobalt, Metal Powders,Superplasticity, Computer Simulation, Laser Treatment, Welding, Brazing, Soldering, Hardened Layer, Deformation.



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Magnesium Aluminum Borides as Explosive Materials
20 Dec 2011
105 pages
Authors: Michael L Whittaker; Raymond A Cutler; CERAMATEC INC SALT LAKE CITY UT                                                    
The most common compounds formed from boron are boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN), which are generally not considered borides but which are included here since they are commercially available as high-quality powders. Borides are generally considered as compounds combining one, or more, metals with boron. Strong covalent bonding allows many of these borides to have high melting or decomposition temperatures, such that they can be used in reducing ...


Periodic Inspections of Hilo, Kahului, Laupahoehoe, and Nawiliwili Breakwaters, Hawaii
Oct 2011
234 pages
Authors: Glenn B Myrick; Jeffrey A Melby; Elizabeth C Burg; Kristi L Acuff; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB                                                    
As part of the Monitoring Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) program Periodic Inspections Work Unit, five breakwaters from the Hawaiian Islands were inspected. The Hilo, Kahului East and West, Laupahoehoe, and Nawiliwili breakwaters were examined by walking inspection in the summer of 2005. Broken, cracked, and shifted concrete armor units and stones were recorded and overall performance of the structure was noted. Photographs were taken and detailed notes recorded at each ...


Multiscale Modeling of Armor Ceramics: Focus on AlON
Sep 2011
16 pages
Authors: G  A Gazonas; J  W McCauley; I  G Batyrev; D Casem; J  D Clayton; D  P Dandekar; R Kraft; B  M Love; B  M Rice; B  E Schuster; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
The computational modeling linkage from the atomistic to the continuum scales of homogeneous and discrete deformation mechanisms (twinning, cleavage, micro-cracking, stacking faults, et cetera), nano- and microstructure and defects, to dynamic failure processes in brittle materials should provide pathways to designing improved mechanical performance through controlled processing. This report will review results from an internal multiscale computational program in first-principles design of armor ceramics, with a focus on an optically ...


After Effects of Welding Armor Steels
31 Aug 2011
26 pages
Authors: Matt Rogers; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI                                                    
Non-Destructive Testing of Sensor Enhanced Armor
09 AUG 2011
7 pages
Authors: Thomas Reynolds; Thomas J. Meitzler; Samuel Ebenstein; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI                                                    
The US Army is replacing conventional armor with new types of ballistic protection which are lighter in weight than the materials they replace yet offer the same degree of protection. A key component of this new type of armor is called Multi Functional (MFA) or Sensor Enhanced Armor (SEA) because the armor provides more capabilities than traditional ballistic protection for the soldier and ground vehicle. In this paper we shall ...


Nanoscience
22 Jul 2011
140 pages
Authors: Margaret Emery; Meganne Lemon; Ari Levine; Shayna Liebler; Gregory Wiley; DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER FORT BELVOIR VA                                                    
This report on nanoscience terms highlights related Technical Reports and Research Summaries that are in DTIC's collections. These terms are divided into six categories: nanomaterials, states and properties, nanometrology, manufacturing processes, quantum phenomena, and systems and devices. The terms were pulled from a broad scope of related fields in theoretical and applied sciences and describe past, present, and future applications. Contents: Atomic Force Microscopy; Atomic Layer Deposition; Atomistic Simulation; Biomineralization; ...


Damage Development in Confined Borosilicate and Soda-Lime Glasses
11 Jul 2011
35 pages
Authors: Kathryn A Dannemann; Jr  Anderson  Charles E; Sidney Chocron; James F Spencer; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX                                                    
Post-test microscopy evaluations were performed on borosilicate (Borofloat (registered trademark) 33) and soda-lime (Starphire (registered trademark)) glass specimens following confined compression tests. These included optical and electron microscopy investigations of select specimens tested at low strain rates with confinement pressures up to 1 GPa. Specimens were evaluated following removal of the confinement sleeve or holder. The objective of this work was to investigate the flow and failure behavior of both ...


Numerical Analysis Study of the Failure Mechanism of Transparent Materials During Low Velocity Impact Used in Protective Systems
Jul 2011
Authors: C  G Fountzoulas; R  E Brennan; J  M Sands; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The rapid advancement of computing power and recent advances in numerical techniques and material models have resulted in accurate simulation of ballistic impacts into multi-layer transparent armor configurations. Transparent and opaque materials are used in protective systems for enhancing survivability of ground vehicles, air vehicles, and personnel. Transparent materials are utilized for face shields, riot gear, and vehicle windows, in addition to other applications for sensor protection, including radomes and ...


The Influence of the General Board of the Navy on Interwar Destroyer Design
10 JUN 2011
186 pages
Authors: Jason H. Davis; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS                                                    
The United States destroyer force underwent significant design improvement during the Interwar Period. The roles and missions of the destroyers evolved from WW I to the end of WW II, based on design and tactics improvements, as well as the overall expansion of the number of destroyers and the improved capabilities of destroyers. This was especially true of the Fletcher class, introduced during the end of the interwar period. The ...


Incomplete Contract Files for Southwest Asia Task Orders on the Warfighter Field Operations Customer Support Contract
01 JUN 2011
28 pages
Authors: INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPT OF DEFENSE ARLINGTON VA                                                    
Our audit objective was to determine whether Army officials adhered to Federal and DoD policies for subcontracting in a contingency environment while administering the Warfighter Field Operations Customer Support (FOCUS) contract, valued at approximately $3.7 billion. This is the first in a series of audits relating to the Warfighter FOCUS contract. Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) contracting officials lacked required documentation, such as prenegotiation objective ...


Novel Adhesives Innovation Through Forward Looking Specifications Requirements and Database Implementation
Jun 2011
Authors: Wendy Kosik; Richard Squillacioti; Wayne Ziegler; Jared Gardner; Robert Jensen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The U.S. Department of Defense is tasked to respond to a wide range of asymmetric threats with speed and efficiency. Historically, the time required for moving new materials and processing technologies from research to application is roughly 40 years. The Department of the Army is actively moving toward a culture of innovation where experimentation and prudent risk taking are not only encouraged but admired. Advanced materials are the foundation to ...


The Ballistic and Corrosion Evaluation of Magnesium Elektron E675 vs. Baseline Magnesium Alloy AZ31B and Aluminum Alloy 5083 for Armor Applications
Jun 2011
52 pages
Authors: Tyrone Jones; Brian Placzankis; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has evaluated the ballistic and corrosion performance of high-strength magnesium alloy Elektron 675 for use in vehicle and personnel protection. The performance of Elektron 675 is compared to baseline magnesium alloy AZ31B and baseline aluminum alloy 5083 (AA5083). While Mg alloy E675 offers a higher ballistic protection at equal weight, Elektron 675 did not pass the corrosion resistance requirement specified in military specification MIL-DTL-32333. The ...


Exploiting Combat Experience: The U.S. Forces European Theater Study of Mechanized Cavalry Units
19 MAY 2011
74 pages
Authors: Christopher N. Prigge; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES                                                    
The U.S. Forces European Theater General Board study of mechanized cavalry units illustrates how a systemic study of combat experience can guide interconnected changes to military doctrine, organizations, and equipment. The General Board conducted its study of mechanized cavalry units between September 1945 and January 1946. The study's final report recommended that the Army create a corps cavalry regiment that would perform the full range of traditional horse cavalry missions, ...


Optimization of One-Dimensional Aluminum Foam Armor Model for Pressure Loading (Briefing charts)
12 APR 2011
17 pages
Authors: John C. Goetz; Andres Tovar; John Renaud; NOTRE DAME UNIV IN                                                    
Effect of Strain Rate on Fracture Initiation
22 MAR 2011
33 pages
Authors: Tomasz Wierzbicki; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE                                                    
This project focused on two key ways of improving armor design. The first method is by improvement of analysis through the development of testing techniques relevant to high-yield-strength steels under high strain rates and states of stress relevant to armor applications. This effort resulted in a novel method of testing steels under a variety of strain rates in which punch tests are performed in a drop tower. It also resulted ...


Effects of Surface Treatment and Interfacial Strength on the Damage Propagation in Layered Transparent Armor under Impact
20 MAR 2011
32 pages
Authors: Weinong W. Chen; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING                                                    
This research program is to develop a fundamental understanding of the damage propagation through layered transparent armors under impact loading conditions. The effects of surface quality and interfacial bonding strength on the damage propagation or arrest will also be examined. During the funded period of the program, a gas gun has been developed and used to impact layered glass targets. Notched glass specimens having adhesive interfaces are impacted with plastic ...


Overview of Materials R&D at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
23 Aug 2010
28 pages
Authors: Peter F Tortorelli; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIV                                                    
Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 4-2-013 Commodity Engineering Test Procedures, Recoilless Rifle Ammunition
22-Sep-2009
91 pages
Authors: ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD                                                    
This TOP provides guidance for planning engineering tests of recoilless rifle ammunition. It outlines test phases to be included and points out important features to be considered for each phase. The procedures apply to other types of proving ground tests of recoilless rifle ammunition as well as engineering tests.


Fixed-Wing Air Support Planning Models for the Brigade Combat Team
12-Jun-2009
98 pages
Authors: Scott C Campbell; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS                                                    
The Army's transformation to the brigade combat team (BCT) as its primary combat employment unit has come at the cost of reduced organic firepower and armor under the modular force concept. As a result, greater emphasis and dependence will likely be placed upon fixed-wing fires in support of the BCT. Simultaneously, Air Force aircraft continue to experience reduced mission capable (MC) rates due to sustained combat operations and airframe fatigue. ...


A Computational Study of the Energy Dissipation Through an Acrylic Target Impacted by Various Size FSP
Jun-2009
14 pages
Authors: C G Fountzoulas; J M Sands; P G Dehmer; J H Yu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
Recent advances in the numerical techniques, higher computing power and materials model have allowed the accurate simulation of the ballistic impact into monolithic and multi-layer transparent armor configurations. In the current effort, the velocity profile during the ballistic impact of 0.22-cal and 0.15-cal fragment simulating projectiles (FSP) into a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) target, which was a Plexiglas G manufactured by Atofina Chemicals was simulated using the ANSYS/AUTODYN commercial software. Our successful ...


Operational Leadership and Advancing Technology
04-May-2009
21 pages
Authors: Rodney R LeMay; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT                                                    
Technology is advancing at an ever increasing rate in the 21st century. Many of these advances have been incorporated into the military. The latest gadgets are often bought from commercial vendors; the so called, off the shelf solution. Although this often provides a short term benefit, often too little analysis is conducted on to best integrate the technology into the way we fight. This paper uses a case study of ...


Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Sintered Silicon Carbide and its Correlation to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Dec-2008
Authors: Douglas M Slusark; M V Demirbas; Andrew Portune; Steven Miller; Richard A Haber; Raymond Brennan; William Green; Ernest Chin; James Campbell; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV PISCATAWAY NJ                                                    
High density is a critical acceptance criterion for armor ceramics. Quantifying the difference in density between what would be considered to be a good or bad region is complicated. As density is reduced from theoretical, does this infer the presence of defects? The minimum acceptable density that ensures favorable ballistic performance is unknown. This question concerns not only the presence of defective regions, which may include pores or inclusions, but ...


Simulation and Design of Nanocomposite for Application in Ballistic Protection
Dec-2008
10 pages
Authors: Zheng-Dong Ma; Dongying Jiang; Yuanyuan Liu; Basavaraju Raju; Yushun Cui; ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE AND ARMAMENTS COMMAND WARREN MI                                                    
The objective of this research is to develop a modeling, simulation, and design tool for nanocomposites in order to predict, with accepted fidelity, nano-composite behaviors; and to design optimum nanocomposites for specific Army applications such as ballistic protection. Based on a unit cell model created for nanoclay-epoxy composites, the effect of nanoparticle distribution on the maximum stress developed in epoxy resin was investigated using the Meshfree Particle Method based simulation ...


Heat Acclimatisation and Active Body Cooling Strategies to Mitigate Heat Stress for Operations Involving Bullet Proof Vests
Dec-2008
Authors: L Law; C L Lim; DEFENCE MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST (SINGAPORE)                                                    
Heat acclimatization (HA) and personal body-cooling are effective methods of heat stress mitigation. HA involves conditioning the body to function under hot conditions by exposing the individual to an incremental level of heat stress daily over 10 to 14 days. Although HA improves thermoregulation during heat exposure, effective physical heat exchange between the body and environment must still take place. Operating with body armour may limit the benefits of HA ...


Microstructure and Properties of WC Spheres
Nov-2008
32 pages
Authors: Jeffrey J Swab; Justin Pritchett; Andrew A Wereszczak; Osama M Jadaan; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
Tungsten carbide (WC) spheres are used as projectiles to study the ballistic performance of armor materials and systems. In order to properly understand and model the interaction between the projectile and the armor, it is necessary to have properties of both. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of two commercially available WC spheres (nominally 0.25 inch in diameter) used in some ballistic impact studies were determined. One WC ...


Ballistic Testing of SSAB Ultra-High-Hardness Steel for Armor Applications
Oct-2008
52 pages
Authors: Dwight D Showalter; Matthew S Burkins; William A Gooch; R S Koch; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The highest-performing U.S. steel alloys for armor-piercing (AP) bullet protection are manufactured to MIL-DTL-46100E, high-hardness armor (HHA) with a hardness range of 477 534 Brinell hardness number (BHN), and to MIL-A-46099C, dual hardness armor (DHA), which is produced by roll bonding a 601 712 BHN front plate to a 461 534 BHN back plate. While these materials still serve their intended applications, monolithic ultra-high-hardness (UHH) steels with a hardness of ...


Transparent Nanoporous Glass-Polymer Composite for U.S. Army Applications
Oct-2008
22 pages
Authors: Daniel J O'Brien; Thomas F Juliano; Parimal J Patel; Steven H McKnight; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
This report explores the manufacturing of a novel transparent polymer-glass composite. The material is created by infiltrating nanoporous glass (Vycor, Corning Inc.) with different polymers. The Vycor pores (4-6 nm) are much smaller than the wavelength of light thus, refractive index matching with the polymer is not necessary for transparency. Close to 90% of the pore volume can be filled by soaking the porous glass in methyl methacrylate and polymerizing ...


Toward Modeling Limited Plasticity in Ceramic Materials
01-Sep-2008
22 pages
Authors: ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The characteristic features of many armor-related ceramic materials are the anisotropy on the micro-scale level and the very limited, though non-vanishing, plasticity due to limited number of the planes for plastic slip. This work in progress is targeted toward revising phenomenological models of such materials with limited number of slip planes. In order to emphasize the key ideas of our approach, we illustrate the approach using the simplest possible model, ...


50th Anniversary Celebration: 46th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference on Advances and Needs in Multi-Spectral Transparent Materials Technology
01-Sep-2008
170 pages
Authors: James M Sands; James W McCauley; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
Since 1954, the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference has brought together scientists and engineers from government, industry, and academia for in-depth discussions on cutting edge materials technology issues of critical importance to the U.S. Army community. The 46th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference continued this tradition with a focus on Advances and Needs in Multi-Spectral Transparent Materials Technology. Held at the Harbourtowne Golf Resort and Conference Center, St. Michaels, MD, ...


Prototype Development of Low-Cost, Augmented Reality Trainer for Crew Service Weapons
01-Sep-2008
83 pages
Authors: Nathan Conger; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
A significant emerging threat to coalition forces in littoral regions is from small craft such as jet skis, fast patrol boats, and speedboats. These craft, when armed, are categorized as Fast Inshore Attack Craft (FIAC), and their arsenal can contain an array of weapons to include suicide bombs, crew-served weapons, anti-tank or ship missiles, and torpedoes. While these craft often have crude weapon technologies, they use an asymmetric tactic of ...


Advanced Collaborative System Optimization Modeler (ACSOM) (A.K.A. Armored Combat System Optimization Modeler) and Search, Explore and Learn (SEaL) Extension
Jun-2008
20 pages
Authors: Greg Hartman; Steve Rapp; Doug Rogers; GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP STERLING HEIGHTS MI LAND SYSTEMS DIV                                                    
OVERVIEW: ACSOM Whole-system Trade Capabilities * ACSOM's Application Example - Large Program Trade Study * Extensions to Force on Force * Enhanced Capability (SEaL) - Large Bid Program Example.


High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Laminates
01-Apr-2008
64 pages
Authors: Elmar Straburger; M O Steinhauser; FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E V MUNICH (GERMANY F R)                                                    
Conventional transparent armor consists of glass laminates with polymer interlayer and backing. It has been demonstrated that the materials, the ratio of materials, and the type and thickness of the interlayers affect the ballistic efficiency of the laminate. Borosilicate glass, Starphire ultra-clear soda-lime glass, and the transparent, polycrystalline ceramic AION are materials being considered for transparent armor applications. A comprehensive series of Edge-on Impact tests has been conducted in order ...


A New Computational Methodology for Structural Dynamics Problems
APR 2008
62 pages
Authors: J. N. Reddy; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING                                                    
Most structural components encountered in army vehicles and armor can be classified as beams, plates, or shells for analysis purposes. While these structural elements are designed to function properly under thermo-mechanical loads encountered in their use, they do develop high stresses and experience high vibration frequencies that may make them non-functional in actual service conditions. The objective of this research is to develop consistent plate and shell theories and associated ...


Remote Excavation of Heavily Contaminated UXO Sites. The Range Master
05 SEP 2007
94 pages
Authors: Alan L. Crandall; USA ENVIRONMENTAL INC OLDSMAR FL                                                    
USA Environmental, Inc., and Timberline Environmental Services, Inc., developed the Range Master, a remote controlled scraper with an integrated power screen, to excavate and sift the top 12 inches of heavily contaminated UXO sites. The Phase 1 effort demonstrated the manually operated Range Master at a controlled test site. The Phase 2 effort added system armor and the remote control systems. The Phase 2 Range Master was demonstrated at a ...


Transparent Composite Utilizing Nonlinear Optical Polymers
SEP 2007
30 pages
Authors: Daniel J. O'Brien; Joshua A. Orlicki; J. D. Demaree; James K. Hirvonen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
Polymer composites are attractive candidates for lightweight armor applications and can be made transparent by matching constituent refractive indices (RIs). Unfortunately, RI matching is difficult since the indices must be matched to approximately the third decimal place, and the matrix RI is very sensitive to factors such as temperature and stress state. Therefore, index matched systems are transparent only over a narrow temperature range. In order to capitalize on the ...


Reflective Inserts to Reduce Heat Strain in Body Armor: Tests With and Without Irradiance
AUG 2007
6 pages
Authors: Bruce S. Cadarette; William R. Santee; Scott B. Robinson; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION                                                    
Delivered by U.S . Army Soldier IP : 153.103.190.11 Tue, 04 Dec 2007 irradiance. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78:809 13. Background: This study evaluated adding reflective thermal inserts (RTI) to reduce the physiological strain during exercise-heat stress with a radiant load. RTI were used with a U.S. Army desert battle dress uniform, body armor, and helmet. Methods: Four male volunteers attempted four trials (10 min rest followed by 100 ...


Analysis of Shock and High-Rate Data for Ceramics: Strength and Failure of Brittle Solids
JUL 2007
48 pages
Authors: Dennis E. Grady; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ALBUQUERQUE NM                                                    
Ceramics based on composition of the light intermetallic compounds, have demonstrated considerable success as a barrier material in armor applications. The exceptional strength-to-density ratio of ceramic plays a crucial role in the positive performance of ceramics in the terminal ballistic environment. Even the higher density ceramics, such as tungsten based materials, show promising behavior in space-limited armor applications. The implementation, optimization and evaluation of ceramic in armor systems benefit from ...


Ballistic Testing of Australian Bisalloy Steel for Armor Applications
JUN 2007
18 pages
Authors: Dwight D. Showalter; William A. Gooch; Matt S. Burkins; Victoria Thorn; Stephen J. Cimpoeru; Russell Barnett; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Australian Defense Science and Technology Organization (DSTO) have ballistically baselined a range of armor steels (277-321HB to 477-534HB) manufactured by the Australian company, Bisalloy Steels. Plate was tested in thicknesses from 10 mm to 20 mm and ARL and DSTO ballistically tested the plates against 0.30 caliber and 0.50 caliber armor piercing projectiles, 0.50 caliber and 20 mm Fragment Simulating Projectiles (FSPs) and ...


Shoaling of Aguadilla Harbor, Puerto Rico
JUN 2007
196 pages
Authors: Steven A. Huges; Lyndell Z. Hales; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB                                                    
During construction of the Aguadilla Harbor, Puerto Rico, breakwater (June 1993 through July 1995), shoaling of the harbor was observed, and excessive wave heights in the harbor caused by refraction/diffraction were much larger than expected. Following construction, additional shoaling occurred even with only limited wave activity, and significantly excessive harbor shoaling occurred. The source of the harbor-shoaling sand was not known with certainty. The quantity of sediment deposited in the ...


Field Survey on the Incidence and Severity of Motion Sickness in the Canadian Forces Enclosed light Armoured Vehicle
APR 2007
Authors: Bob Cheung; Anne Nakashima; Kevin Hofer; Brian Coyle; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)                                                    
In the Advanced Vehicle Architecture for a Net-Enabled Combat Environment Technology Demonstrator Project (ADVANCE TDP), there is a need to define the requirements of the active suspension system and how the resulting motion affects performance and well-being (i.e. incidence and severity of motion sickness). At the request of the Director Armoured Vehicles Program Management (DAVPM), a study to investigate the effects of motion disturbance in the LAV III (light armoured ...


Posture Statement of General Peter Pace, USMC Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before the 110th Congress, Senate Armed Services Committee
06 FEB 2007
14 pages
Authors: Peter Pace; SENATE (UNITED STATES) WASHINGTON DC COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES                                                    
This document contains the testimony of General Peter Pace, U.S. Marine Corps, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, before the 110th Congress, Senate Armed Services Committee, on 6 Feb 2007. The testimony begins with a brief review of the biennial National Military Strategy Risk Assessment, which depicts the threats the U.S. military faces around the world and how they will overcome them. These threats emanate from Iran, North Korea, ...


Inroads in the Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Ballistic Impact Damage
NOV 2006
8 pages
Authors: W. H. Green; N. L. Rupert; Joe M. Wells; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The non-invasive/non-destructive x-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique is a widely applicable and powerful inspection modality for evaluation and analysis of shock and/or impact damage in armor materials, including metallic armors and armor ceramics, as well as materials in general. It presently appears that the noninvasive damage diagnostic approach with XCT provides the only sufficiently effective nondestructive modality for high resolution ballistic impact damage interrogation, spatial characterization, quantification, visualization, and 3-D ...


Investigation of Adaptive Control Approaches to Mitigate Shock Impact With Piezoceramics (Armor)
NOV 2006
61 pages
Authors: Marthinus Van Schoor; Jacob Pretorius; MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP MEDFORD MA                                                    
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory sought a Short-Term Analysis Services (STAS) program funded through Army Research Office (ARO) with Mide in the research, design, and development of an adaptive control system to mitigate the shock wave impact on an isolation system during and after a ballistic event. This report documents the initial work performed by Mide.


The Influence of Armor Material Parameters on the Penetration by Long-Rod Projectiles
SEP 2006
12 pages
Authors: William P. Walter; Cyril L. Williams; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
The Alekseevski-Tate equations have long been used to predict the penetration, penetration velocity, rod velocity, and rod erosion of long-rod projectiles or kinetic energy penetrators (1). These nonlinear equations were originally solved numerically, then by the exact analytical solution of Walters and Segletes (2, 3). However, due to the nonlinear nature of the equations, the penetration was obtained implicitly as a function of time, so that an explicit functional dependence ...


A CBO Study. The Army's Future Combat Systems Program and Alternatives
AUG 2006
107 pages
Authors: CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC                                                    
The Army is attempting to transform itself from a force designed primarily to fight large and protracted wars in a limited number of locations to one capable of reacting rapidly to crises anywhere in the world. In its endeavor to make its combat units more versatile and agile, the Army is planning to replace its heavy, aging armored combat vehicles with newer, lighter systems that it expects will be as ...


Lightweight and Advanced Materials for Defense: Materials for Military Ground Vehicles
27 JUN 2006
19 pages
Authors: Donald T. Ostberg; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI                                                    
MATERIALS FOR TACTICAL TRUCKS: (1) Material must be readily available and fully developed. (RHA; High hard steel; Aluminum). (2) Research projects are ongoing to further develop advanced lightweight armors. (Composites; Ceramics; Titanium) (3) Long Term Armor Strategy (A+B design; Requirements are classified)


Characterization and Model Assessment for Impact Damage Evolution in Functionally Graded Composites Using a Novel Nanosecond Deformation Measurement System
30 APR 2006
48 pages
Authors: Stephen R. McNeill; Michael A. Sutton; Hugh A. Bruck; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV COLUMBIA OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS                                                    
The principal goal of this research is to experimentally measure the three-dimensional transient deformation processes that occur in armor systems undergoing a range of dynamic loading conditions. The development of a 3-D image correlation system using digital cameras capable of acquiring images every 5 nano-seconds were used. Due to the nature of the cameras. extensive algorithms for the removable of image distortions were required. The image correlation technology was transferred ...


DoD Force Protection Presentation
13 APR 2006
13 pages
Authors: Marilyn D. Freeman; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI                                                    
The Army's scientific and technical vision is to pursue transformational capabilities for a joint and expeditionary army. The Army seeks to accelerate technology directly into Current Modular Force. Key focus areas are soldier protection technologies.


Energy Absorber for Vehicle Occupant Safety and Survivability
27 MAR 2006
18 pages
Authors: David M. Fox; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI                                                    
Motivation for vehicle upper interior impact absorbers defined as follows: Interior surfaces of combat vehicles are generally relatively stiff due to armor protection; Tactical vehicle panels are becoming progressively more stiff as armor protection level increases; Hard surfaces in vehicle interior can pose a head injury hazard to occupants during impact events such as collisions and secondary impacts due to blast events; Turret rings and other interior assemblies offer additional ...


The Development of a Multifunctional Antenna Precursor for Ground Vehicle Structures
DEC 2005
28 pages
Authors: Shawn M. Walsh; Gregory Teitelbaum; John Cook; Alvin Lim; Kirk Tackitt; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD                                                    
U.S. Army transformation will require lighter, more rapidly deployable ground vehicle systems. Equally important will be the need for superior communication and sensor capability to detect and respond to friendly and hostile entities. The challenge is to consolidate the required armor, infrastructure, electronic hardware, and other systems into a lightweight vehicle structure. This particular research provides a very preliminary but nevertheless representative effort to explore conformal and multifunctional material systems ...


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CMC Behavior and Life Modeling Workshop Summary Report (Preprint)
Nov 2011
9 pages
Authors: Craig Przybyla; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE                                                    
The Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Behavior and Life Modeling Workshop was held in Dayton, Ohio at the Hilton Garden Inn (3520 Pentagon Park Blvd, Dayton, Ohio, USA 45431) on August 3-4th, 2011. Leaders from the major aero jet engine manufacturers, airframe structure manufactures, and government researchers working on the development and use of CMCs for hot structures were invited to the workshop along with several experts from academia to discuss ...


Limited Evaluation of AIM-9 Control Surface Effects on F-16 LCO Characteristics
AUG 2011
13 pages
Authors: Anthony P. Massett; Reinald G. Groult; Robert T. Ungerman; Jason B. Honabarger; Jared E. Salk; Pierluigi De Paolis; Timothy R. Jorris; AIR FORCE FLIGHT TEST CENTER EDWARDS AFB CA                                                    
Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) is a self-sustained airframe structural response due to interaction between airframe aeroelastic properties and flight condition aerodynamic effects. F-16 LCO has typically resulted in lateral motions of the fuselage and crew that could have operational impacts on such things as pilot fatigue, weapons tracking or structural integrity. Historic flight test data could not isolate the effect that aerodynamic differences had on LCO over mass and inertia ...


Optimal Parameters for Maneuverability of Affordable Precision Munitions
Aug 2011
Authors: Frank Fresconi; Ilmars Celmins; Luisa Fairfax; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
High maneuverability of guided projectiles enables engagement of fleeing targets, opens the area of influence of a weapons system, and allows new missions to be performed such as prosecuting targets in defilade. Gun-launched precision munitions have unique constraints that create technical barriers to achieving enhanced maneuverability. Structural integrity during the gun launch event, packaging control surfaces within the launch tube, and affordability are paramount concerns. This work is a fundamental ...


Exploration of Questions Regarding Modelling of Crack Growth Behaviour under Practical Combinations of Aircraft Spectra, Stress Levels and Materials
Jul 2011
95 pages
Authors: P Jackson; C Wallbrink; K Walker; D Mongru; W Hu; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
Qustions regarding the most appropriate crack growth modeling tools in aircraft structural analysis have been asked of the Fatigue Methods and Standards Group within AVD Continuing the Group's previous endeavours along these lines this report commences by stating the questions that will be explored and then individually examining the issues using both experimental data from coupon tests run under typical aircraft spectra and results from various crack growth prediction models. ...


Effects of Contoured Pallets on AMC Mission Efficiency
JUN 2011
64 pages
Authors: James R. Hanford; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
Pallets airlifted on Boeing 747s and MD-11s in fiscal year 2009 were analyzed to determine the effects of redistributing cargo from full cubes to contoured shapes. Specifically, the research analyzed the possibility of structuring pallet build strategies that would ensure that MD-11 missions were not cancelled due to lack of available contour-compatible cargo while other, full-cubed cargo was available. Missions were tracked on these airframes between Dover Air Force Base, ...


Aerodynamic Characterizations of Asymmetric and Maneuvering 105-, 120-, and 155-mm Fin-Stabilized Projectiles Derived from Telemetry Experiments
Apr 2011
54 pages
Authors: Frank Fresconi; Tom Harkins; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE                                                    
Accurate knowledge of candidate projectiles aerodynamics is crucial for successful development of tube- and gun-launched precision munitions. This is especially true when control authority is low, as is often the case with rolling projectiles. In these instances, truth models of the projectiles flight characteristics need to be of sufficient quality to enable the guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system to produce efficient corrective maneuvers. Recently, the U.S. Army conducted instrumented ...


Advanced Computational Methods for Study of Electromagnetic Compatibility
31 MAR 2011
18 pages
Authors: Oscar Bruno; Catalin Turc; MATHEMATICAL SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS INC PASADENA CA                                                    
We have developed a variety of electromagnetic scattering solvers whose combined use enables solution of a wide range of problems in the field of electromagnetic compatibility. In particular, we 1) Developed surface integral equations for homogeneous and isotropic dielectric bodies whose bounding surfaces can contain corners and edges, and that incorporate regularizations which give rise to favorable eigenvalue distributions and small numbers of GMRES iterations; 2) Implemented a fast high-order ...


Titanium Sandwich Airframe Structure. Volume 1: Program Overview
Mar 2011
39 pages
Authors: Gregory R Jones; BENECOR INC WICHITA KS                                                    
Mechanical properties of laser welded titanium (Grade 9, Ti3Al2.5V) honeycomb core have been developed by testing for density, compression, and plate shear using the applicable ASTM test standards. Additionally, panels were fabricated employing the same titanium honeycomb core material, constructed using bismaleimide (BMI) face sheets and a cyanate esther film adhesive. These panels were tested using applicable ASTM standards for tension and beam flexure of bonded panels. Much of the ...


Non-Destructive Evaluation of Aircraft Structural Components and Composite Materials at DSTO Using Sonic Thermography
FEB 2011
70 pages
Authors: Kelly A. Tsoi; Nik Rajic; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
This report outlines the results of a series of non-destructive evaluations using sonic thermography. It examines the detection of closed cracks, delaminations, impact damage and other defects in a variety of structural components and composite materials used in aircraft structures. The results confirm the efficacy of the technique and highlight its potential to fill some of the capability gaps that currently exist in relation to challenging non-destructive inspection problems.


Air Vehicle Integration and Technology Research (AVIATR). Delivery Order 0002: Condition-Based Maintenance Plus Structural Integrity (CBM+SI) Strategy Development
NOV 2010
167 pages
Authors: Dale Ball; Joe Lougheed; LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS MARIETTA GA                                                    
Military aircraft platforms are currently confronted by two pressing issues: increasing maintenance costs and decreasing availability. Nearly 30% of Air Force platform Operations & Support (O&S) costs are for structure inspection and repair. Condition-Based Maintenance plus Structural Integrity (CBM+SI) offers an opportunity to achieve significant platform availability increases and maintenance hour per flight hour decreases. A promising solution to both of these issues is the application and integration of CBM+ ...


Probability Based Integration of Structural Health Monitoring into the Aging Aircraft Sustainment Program
02 AUG 2010
9 pages
Authors: Raphael T. Haftka; Fuh-Gwo Yuan; Nam-Ho Kim; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE                                                    
The research focused on improvements in diagnosis and prognosis of crack detection through extensive use of probabilistic techniques. A unique feature of the research is that it identifies the material properties relevant to damage propagation at the same time that it performs diagnosis and prognosis. As such, it has the potential of turning aircraft into flying fatigue laboratories and contributing to substantial improvements in the accuracy of aircraft digital twins. ...


Study on Rotorcraft Safety and Survivability
MAY 2010
26 pages
Authors: Mark Couch; Dennis Lindell; DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FT BELVOIR VA                                                    
During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), there were 375 rotorcraft losses with 496 fatalities from October 2001 to September 2009. Mishaps accounted for 81 percent of all losses with combat losses (i.e., aircraft shootdowns) accounting for the remaining 19 percent; 73 percent of the fatalities occurred in a combat theater. The OEF/OIF combat hostile action loss rate is seven times lower than Vietnam. Aircraft vulnerability reduction design ...


X-HALE: A Very Flexible UAV for Nonlinear Aeroelastic Tests
Apr 2010
24 pages
Authors: Carlos E Cesnik; Patrick J Senatore; Weihua Su; Ella M Atkins; Christopher M Shearer; Nathan A Pitcher; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING                                                    
The University of Michigan has designed and is currently building an unmanned aerial vehicle, denoted X-HALE, which is aeroelastically representative of very flexible aircraft. The objective of this test bed is to collect unique data of the geometrically nonlinear aeroelastic response coupled with the flight dynamics to be used for future code validation. The aircraft will present specific aeroelastic features (e.g., coupled rigid/elastic body instability, large wing deflection during gust, ...


F-16 Ventral Fin Buffet Alleviation Using Piezoelectric Actuators
Sep-2009
122 pages
Authors: Joseph S Browning; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS                                                    
Buffet-induced vibrations can have a disastrous impact on aircraft structures. Early attempts at combating buffet vibrations included passive methods such as structural enhancements and leading edge fences. Active methods have shown greater promise, including active airflow control, control surface modulation, and active structural control using piezoelectric actuators. Surface mounted piezoelectric actuators impart directional strain reducing the negative effects associated with harmful vibration. The Block-15 F-16 ventral fin represents an aircraft ...


Airframe Structures Technology for Future Systems
SEP 2009
10 pages
Authors: Joseph M. Manter; Donald B. Paul; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIR VEHICLES DIRECTORATE                                                    
An overview of future structures technology for military air vehicles is given. The overview is prefaced by a discussion of the factors influencing structures research today. The key to meeting affordability and rapid technology insertion is identified as simulation-based prototyping, including certification by analysis. Other enabling structures technology candidates for future systems are discussed, including multi-functional structures, extreme environment structures, affordable composite structures and active flow control for structures applications. ...


Fixed-Wing Air Support Planning Models for the Brigade Combat Team
12-Jun-2009
98 pages
Authors: Scott C Campbell; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS                                                    
The Army's transformation to the brigade combat team (BCT) as its primary combat employment unit has come at the cost of reduced organic firepower and armor under the modular force concept. As a result, greater emphasis and dependence will likely be placed upon fixed-wing fires in support of the BCT. Simultaneously, Air Force aircraft continue to experience reduced mission capable (MC) rates due to sustained combat operations and airframe fatigue. ...


A Gimbaled Platform for Micro Aerial Vehicle Autopilot Simulation and Calibration
Mar-2009
24 pages
Authors: Justin L Shumaker; Kamal S Ali; Lamarious Carter; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE                                                    
This report describes a 3-degrees-of-freedom gimbaled platform designed to be used as a hardware in the loop simulator. This platform is designed to aid in the calibration and synchronization of micro aerial vehicles' autopilot components. This platform can also be used as a simulator allowing the autopilot to fly a computer model of the airframe. This allows for the quick and efficient verification of autopilot behavior with different airframes under ...


The Carrier Readiness Team -- Realizing the Vision of the Naval Aviation Enterprise
Mar-2009
145 pages
Authors: LeFon; Carroll F Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA                                                    
Naval aviation is a large and complex operation, with multiple stakeholders and an ingrained tension between generating combat readiness for current operations and procurement funds for future capabilities. Naval aviation leadership has developed an enterprise approach to managing these often competing requirements that uses modern business process tools under the fundamental principle of alignment. This process showed remarkable results at the factory-level, with production efforts generating significant savings and process ...


Capability Gaps in USMC Medium Lift
20-Feb-2009
12 pages
Authors: Scott Harris; MARINE CORPS COMBAT DEVELOPMENT COMMAND QUANTICO VA                                                    
Currently, the Marine Corps is in the process of fielding two new rotary-wing airframes which are touted to replace the venerable CH-46E. Both the MV-22 and UH-1Y airframes offer a tremendous increase in capabilities for the Marine Corps in several different flight regimes, but with the increases also come a major hole in abilities for the MAGTFs regarding medium lift capabilities. The CH-46E is an old airframe and needs to ...


Challenges and Issues with the Further Aging of U.S. Air Force Aircraft: Policy Options for Effective Life-Cycle Management of Resources
Jan-2009
Authors: Jean R Gebman; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA                                                    
Over the next 20 years, the further aging of already-old aircraft will introduce challenges and issues for aircraft operators, including the U.S. Air Force. This report identifies those challenges and issues and explores policy options for addressing them in ways that can contribute to effective life-cycle management of resources. The technical challenges relate to structures, propulsion, and systems. The institutional challenges include limitations on independent verification of fleet status and ...


Rotorcraft Brownout: Advanced Understanding, Control and Mitigation
31-Dec-2008
22 pages
Authors: J G Leishman; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING                                                    
The MURI team has started to undertake a carefully planned program of research, including the development of efficacious predictive models for the physical elements that may contribute to the brownout problem. This goal will be achieved by better understanding rotor and airframe aerodynamics when operating in ground effect, as well as how the interaction of rotor wake vortices with the sediment bed occurs, the particulate uplift processes, and the two-phase ...


Generic Design Procedures for the Repair of Acoustically Damaged Panels
Dec-2008
Authors: R J Callinan; C H Wang; S Sanderson; S C Galea; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
Acoustic fatigue is the result of high frequency lateral vibration of an aircraft panel due to time varying pressure waves caused by engine and/or aerodynamic effects. For example, acoustically induced cracks have been recorded in the lower external surface of the nacelle skin of the F/A-18 aircraft and aft fuselage. In the case of the inlet nacelle overall sound pressure levels of the order of 172 dB have been recorded. ...


Power Distribution System for a Small Unmanned Rotorcraft
Dec-2008
12 pages
Authors: Brian Porter; Gary Haas; ARMY RESEARCH LAB CLEVELAND OH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE                                                    
In quest of weight savings, several modifications were made to a Joker model unmanned rotorcraft. Battery power for various subsystems was consolidated in a custom box, and smaller gauge wiring was substituted for the original. The results included a 17% increase in flight time as well as logistics benefits from fewer batteries to be recharged.


Effects of Transient Power Extraction on an Integrated Hardware-in-the-Loop Aircraft/Propulsion/Power System
Nov-2008
9 pages
Authors: Mitch Wolff; Michael Corbett; Michael Boyd; John McNichols; Peter Lamm; KRAUSE (P C) AND ASSOCIATES WEST LAFAYETTE IN                                                    
As aircraft continue to increase their power and thermal demands, transient operation of the power and propulsion subsystems can no longer be neglected at the aircraft system level. The performance of the whole aircraft must be considered by examining the dynamic interactions between the power, propulsion, and airframe subsystems. Larger loading demands placed on the power and propulsion subsystems result in thrust, speed, and altitude transients that affect the aircraft ...


Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Sensor Modeling For Multisite Inspection
Oct-2008
167 pages
Authors: R Bossi; B Koltenbah; L Udpa; Yiming Deng; Liu Xin; Zhiwei Zeng; Satish Udpa; BOEING INFORMATION SPACE AND DEFENSE SYSTEMS SEATTLE WA                                                    
The Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Sensor Modeling for Multisite Inspection program has developed finite element models (FEM) of electromagnetic NDE for optimizing the inspection of aging aircraft structure. The program found excellent correlation between magnetic field strengths predicted by FEM analysis and experimental values in fastened airframe structure configurations. Applying the FEM analysis to magnetoresistive (MR) sensors inspection problems then provided useful insights into the many parameter effects associated with ...


Recommended Processes and Best Practices for Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) of Safety-Of-Flight Structures
Oct-2008
97 pages
Authors: John Brausch; David Campbell; Lawrence Butkus; Tommy Mullis; Michael Paulk; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE                                                    
This document outlines critical processes, guidelines, and best practices for the nondestructive inspection (NDI) of safety-of-flight aircraft (SOF) structures. More specifically, this document provides rationale for requiring rigor in the definition, development, demonstration and implementation of NDI for United States Air Force (USAF) SOF aircraft structures. Topics include the critical role of NDI in the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program, defining inspection requirements, procedure development, capability estimation, procedure qualification, training, certification, ...


Effect of High Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Expanded Open Holes in 7050-T7451 Aluminium Alloy
Sep-2008
Authors: Q Liu; P Baburamani; C Loader; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
Cold expansion of fastener holes has been widely used in the manufacture, maintenance and repair of airframe components to provide beneficial compressive residual stresses around fastener holes and to extend their fatigue life. However, some components may experience exposure to high temperatures due to operational, maintenance or accidental factors. The high temperature exposure could lead to relaxation of compressive residual stresses and potentially affect the component's properties such as fatigue ...


Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine
02 JUN 2008
Authors: Anthony Murch; Christopher Bolkcom; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE                                                    
The Department of Defense's (DOD) FY2009 budget proposes to cancel the F136 alternate engine for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), a program that was initiated by Congress in the FY1996 Defense Authorization Act, and which has received consistent congressional support since its inception. DOD also proposed terminating the F136 in both its FY2007 and FY2008 budgets; however, Congress rejected both of these proposals. In FY1996, defense authorization conferees (H.Rept. ...


Novel Concepts for Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structure
01-Feb-2008
Authors: Paul J Callus; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
This report describes the activities undertaken by the author during his Defence Science Fellowship on the topic of Conformal Load-bearing Antenna Structure (CLAS) at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, Structures Division, Advanced Structural Concepts Branch (AFRL/VASA), Multifunctional Structures Team at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA, from June 2006 to August 2007. The aim of CLAS is to enhance the performance and capability of air ...


Complex Structures for Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Delivery Order 0019: Low Temp Composite Processing Mechanical Property Data
JAN 2008
82 pages
Authors: Chris Ridgard; ADVANCED COMPOSITES GROUP INC TULSA OK                                                    
After several years of effort, a new generation of out of autoclave processable resin systems has been developed which it is believed will replace older oven vacuum bag cure (OVBC) resins such as the Advanced Composites Group, Inc. (ACG) LTM45EL material. The first of these new resins, MTM45 and MTM45-1, have been demonstrated to offer mechanical performance and toughness at a level comparable to that of state-of-the-art toughened resin systems ...


Topology Synthesis of Distributed Actuation Systems for Morphing Wing Structures (Postprint)
DEC 2007
12 pages
Authors: Daisaku Inoyam; Brian P. Sanders; James J. Joo; DAYTON UNIV OH DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING                                                    
This paper presents a novel topology optimization methodology for a synthesis of distributed actuation systems with specific applications to morphing air vehicle structures. The main emphasis is placed on the topology optimization problem formulation and the development of computational modeling concepts. The analysis model is developed to meet several important criteria: It must allow a large rigid-body displacement, as well as a variation in planform area, with minimum strain on ...


Design Processes and Criteria for the X-51A Flight Vehicle Airframe
01 NOV 2007
Authors: Jeffrey Lane; BOEING CO HUNTINGTON BEACH CA INTEGRATED DEFENSE SYSTEMS                                                    
Flight vehicle airframes in today's advanced flight systems are required to optimally integrate a variety of multi-functional requirements to maximize effectiveness with acceptable risk. The X-51A airframe design process and criteria draw upon decades of successful design of both manned and unmanned flight vehicles for production and experimental intent. This paper summarizes the X-51A vehicle mission requirements, system design, design processes used for airframe synthesis, design safety factors, success criteria ...


Midwest Structural Sciences Center: 2006-2007 Annual Report
JUN 2007
16 pages
Authors: William A. Dick; Glaucio H. Paulino; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DIGITAL COMPUTER LAB                                                    
The Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC) is a collaboration between the Structural Sciences Center, Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/VA SSC), and a team of faculty, graduate students, and professional staff researchers of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UI). The team works closely to simulate, model, test, and assess structures and materials for use in future air- and space-frames in a risk-quantified design process. The ...


Airworthiness Certification Strategy for Global Hawk HALE
15 MAY 2007
35 pages
Authors: Mostafa Pourmand; NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP SAN DIEGO CA                                                    
This briefing introduces the Global Hawk High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) platform. Design criteria and testing are reviewed.


State Space Model for Autopilot Design of Aerospace Vehicles
MAR 2007
Authors: Farhan A. Faruqi; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) WEAPONS SYSTEMS DIV                                                    
This report is a follow on to the report given in DSTO-TN-0449 and considers the derivation of the mathematical model for aerospace vehicles and missile autopilots in state space form. The basic equations defining the airframe dynamics are non-linear, however, since the nonlinearities are structured (in the sense that the states are of quadratic form) a novel approach of expressing this non-linear dynamics in state space form is given. This ...


Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structure for Australian Defence Force Aircraft
MAR 2007
Authors: Paul J. Callus; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) AIR VEHICLES DIV                                                    
Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structure (CLAS) replaces separate aircraft structure and antennas such as blades, wires and dishes, with electromagnetic radiators embedded in the structure. This approach reduces weight, drag and signature, and enhances electromagnetic performance, damage resistance and structural efficiency. However the design, manufacture, certification and through-life-support of CLAS are more complex than for its non-integrated counterparts. The first half of this report describes the advantages and limitations of CLAS ...


Micro-Stress Bound Estimate Enabled Optimization of Structural Composite Repair for the Next Generation Aircraft
28 FEB 2007
42 pages
Authors: Endel V. Iarve; Robert Lipton; DAYTON UNIV OH                                                    
The completed effort integrated the rigorous microlevel (fiber, matrix, sizing) stress bound recently obtained by Lipton [1,2] under AFOSR sponsorship with the AFRL-developed ply level multibasis spline approximation stress analysis tools [3-5]. A robust multiscale analysis framework was developed and applied within and beyond the scope of the present grant. The developments included extension of the stress bound estimates in heterogeneous materials with periodic microstructure to include residual stress effects ...


Fundamental Feature Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Eddy Current Data (Preprint)
DEC 2006
10 pages
Authors: Jeremy S. Knopp; John C. Aldrin; COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS INC GURNEE IL                                                    
The objective of this paper is to explore features in eddy current data that are sensitive to defects in airframe structures while invariant to other noise factors commonly encountered in nondestructive evaluation (NDE). In particular, one goal is to detect and quantify corrosion-induced material loss in multi-layer aircraft structures. To investigate this problem, a series of eddy current studies were performed using an analytical model for varying total subsurface thickness ...


Testing of 7050-T7451 Aluminum Strain-Life Coupons for a Probabilistic Strain-Life Curve
02 NOV 2006
69 pages
Authors: David T. Rusk; Robert E. Taylor; Paul C. Hoffman; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD                                                    
Fleet life tracking is an integral part of NAVAIR s approach to ensuring the airworthiness and operational readiness of U.S. Naval Aviation assets. Historically, life limits for Naval airframe components have been derived by deterministic analyses of stress-life or strain-life fatigue models. To improve fatigue life prediction capabilities for airframe structures, NAVAIR has begun development of a Probabilistic Strain-Life model. As a first step in the development of the Probabilistic ...


Alenia Shm Fiber Optic Bragg Grating (Fobg) Strain Sensors Technology: Applications And Requirements
01-Oct-2006
13 pages
Authors: F P Camerlingo; G Cavaccini; A Ciliberto; C Voto; Mario Iodice; F Pezzuti; ALENIA AERONAUTICA SPA TORINO (ITALY)                                                    
Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP). Delivery Order 0020: Prediction of Manufacturing Tolerances for Laminar Flow, Task 6
SEP 2006
52 pages
Authors: Anne M. Bender; Aaron Drake; NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP EL SEGUNDO CA AIR COMBAT SYSTEMS                                                    
The ultimate goal of the MEATLOAF study is to develop generalized criteria for the allowable size of an excrescence on a laminar flow wing to prevent premature transition. A salient feature of the study is the nondimensionalization of the critical parameters such that the results are applicable to future work and not specific to a particular airframe. Task 1 provided a database of step effects at Reynolds numbers up to ...


Evaluation of Crack and Corrosion Detection Sensitivity Using Piezoelectric Sensor Arrays (Preprint)
APR 2006
10 pages
Authors: James L. Blackshire; Steve Martin; Adam Cooney; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE                                                    
The use of guided-wave ultrasound has significant potential for structural health monitoring in a number of critical aerospace applications. A key question which needs to be addressed with regard to damage sensing in realistic aircraft structures involves detection sensitivity levels for cracks and corrosion. In this research effort, a systematic evaluation of the detection sensitivity levels of surface-bonded piezoelectric sensor arrays has been undertaken using experimental studies and analytic modeling. ...


Experimental Analysis of Propeller Interactions With a Flexible Wing Micro-Air-Vehicle
23 MAR 2006
149 pages
Authors: Brian J. Gamble; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
An investigation into the effects of the propeller slipstream on a flexible wing micro-air-vehicle (MAV) was conducted. The Air Force Research Lab, Munitions Directorate designed a man-portable MAV with a 24 in. wingspan and 6 in. root chord to be used for battle damage assessment and reconnaissance. Two wings have been developed for this MAV. One is a rigid carbon-fiber wing and the other consists of flexible parachute material attached ...


A Comparison of Main Rotor Smoothing Adjustments Using Linear and Neural Network Algorithms
MAR 2006
146 pages
Authors: Nathan A. Miller; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS                                                    
Helicopter main rotor smoothing is a maintenance procedure that is routinely performed to minimize airframe vibrations induced by non-uniform mass and/or aerodynamic distributions in the main rotor system. This important task is both time consuming and expensive, so improvements to the process have long been sought. Traditionally, vibrations have been minimized by calculating adjustments based on an assumed linear relationship between adjustments and vibration response. In recent years, artificial neural ...


Analysis and Support Initiative for Structural Technology (ASIST) Delivery Order 0027-03: Crack Growth and Stress Intensity Prediction Techniques: External K-Solver--Demonstration
MAR 2006
122 pages
Authors: Kyle Honeycutt; ANALYTICAL PROCESSES/ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS (AP/ES) INC SAINT LOUIS MO                                                    
The challenges of designing modern aircraft continue to drive the development of more advanced analytical tools; often these more advanced analytical tools themselves require development of other enabling technologies such as powerful computers and associated software. The primary historical objective of this project was to develop the infrastructure and to demonstrate that key enabling technologies such as faster and bigger personal computers, as well as database and programming software, have ...


Alleviation of Buffet-Induced Vibration Using Piezoelectric Actuators
FEB 2006
118 pages
Authors: Shawn D. Morgenstern; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT                                                    
Buffet-induced vibration has been problematic for aircraft structures for many years. The F-16 ventral fin, while prone to these effects, lends itself well to the evaluation of modern active structural and flow control technologies. The objective of this research was to determine the most critical natural modes of vibration for the F-16 ventral fin and design piezoelectric actuators capable of reducing buffet-induced ventral fin vibration. A finite element model (FEM) ...


A Non-Linear Model for the Longitudinal Dynamics of a Hypersonic Air-breathing Vehicle
2006
23 pages
Authors: Michael A. Bolender; David B. Doman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH                                                    
A non-linear, physics-based model of the longitudinal dynamics for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is developed. The model is derived from first principles and captures the complex interactions between the propulsion system, aerodynamics, and structural dynamics. Unlike conventional aircraft, hypersonic vehicles require that the propulsion system be highly integrated into the airframe. Furthermore, hypersonic aircraft tend to have very lightweight, flexible structures that have low natural frequencies. Therefore, the first bending ...


Dielectric Non-Destructive Testing of Adhesively Bonded and Composite Aircraft Structures
31 OCT 2005
13 pages
Authors: Richard Pethrick; STRATHCLYDE UNIV GLASGOW (UNITED KINGDOM)                                                    
This report results from a contract tasking University of Strathclyde as follows: The contractor will investigate dielectric non-destructive inspection of adhesive bonds and bonded structures in the following areas: 1) to explore the potential of dielectric measurements for the study of boron fiber/aluminum adhesive bonded structures used for in-situ repairs of aircraft; 2) to evaluate the potential of the dielectric technique to the study of carbon fiber composite/aluminum adhesive bonded ...


Environmental Assessment in the UH-1Y and AH-1Z
OCT 2005
8 pages
Authors: Maura A. Rudy; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND PATUXENT RIVER MD                                                    
The United States Marine Corps USMC Upgrade Program involves the remanufacture of all light/attack helicopters in the fleet to extend their service-life into the year 2020. In order to assess whether air quality was favorable for aircrew in the UH-1Y and AH-1Z aircraft, levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were measured during ground and flight operations. In the past, cockpit gas detection during flight was prohibitive, due to detector size ...


Redefining E-3 Core Competencies for Dominant Battlespace Knowledge in Future Combat Operations
SEP 2005
73 pages
Authors: David A. Kirkendall; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL  MONTEREY CA                                                    
This thesis explores how E-3 Air Battle Managers train for and perform their duties on board the Airborne Warning and Control System. The study focuses on how E-3 training is driven by the maintenance of a set of battle management core competencies rooted in the basics of aircraft tactical fluid control force accountability and aerial refueling. The advent of a revolution in Information Management technology in the form of the ...

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Laser-Beam Welding Process Development.
SEP 1970
Authors: David Kloepper; GRUMMAN AEROSPACE CORP  BETHPAGE NY                                                    
The program objective was to develop pulsed laser beam welding techniques, demonstrate their use in production applications, and improve welding equipment. (Author)


TRAILER-MOUNTED WELDING SHOP.
APR 1968
Authors: PITTSBURGH UNIV WASHINGTON DC RESEARCH STAFF                                                    
This technical information report describes a lightweight, mobile welding shop designed to provide field forces with a previously unavailable facility for both gas and electric arc welding. The shop contains a 300-amp DC, gasoline-driven welding machine designed to provide both constant current and constant voltage. The 800-pound, skid-mounted welding machine can accommodate metal arc welding with flux-coated electrodes, metal inert-gas (MIG) welding, and tungsten inert-gas (TIG) welding. In addition, the ...


RELIABILITY OF MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS.
SEP 1967
Authors: R. D. Bryant; M. H. Bester; J. L. Behhedahl; A. G. Gross; NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION INC ANAHEIM CA AUTONETICS DIV                                                    
This report describes the test program used for establishing failure rates of lap soldered and parallel gap welded microelectronic circuit connections in environmental tests simulating condition of usage. In order to determine failure rates based on pre-program estimates (0.00001%/1000 hours at 90 percent confidence level), it would require accumulating a billion joint hours without failure; a program considered prohibitive from a cost standpoint. An alternate method was adopted which involved ...


INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN THE WELDING PROCESS ON THE STRENGTH OF WELDED JOINT CONNECTIONS (VLIYANIE PLASTICHESKOGO DEFORMIROVANIYA V PROTSESSE SVARKI NA PROCHNOST SVARNYKH STYKOVYKH SOEDINENII),
30 AUG 1967
Authors: I. P. Zamyatin; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO                                                    
Investigations were conducted on alloyed steel to determine the value of plastic deformation in the welding process. Results of the investigation showed that plastic deformation in the welding process opens new possibilities of improving the mechanical indices of welded joints. (Author)


SOLIDIFICATION AND SEGREGATION IN WELDING OF BINARY ALLOYS.
JUN 1967
Authors: Warren C. Malatesta; Donald C. Buffum; ARMY MATERIALS RESEARCH AGENCY WATERTOWN MASS                                                    
The report concerns the initial effort of a long-range program designed to determine the effects that welding variables and base metal chemistry have upon the solidification mode of weld metals. To minimize the complexity of the problem, two relatively pure binary alloys having high solid solubility were selected as parent materials. Weld metals were produced in these parent materials, using a stationary inert-gas shielded tungsten arc and a constant current ...


WELDING PRODUCTION, NO. 4 1965: SELECTED ARTICLES.
01 APR 1966
Authors: FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO                                                    
Automatic welding with a consumable electrode on the vertical plane gives results of a study of the conditions for forming metal welds on the vertical plane during welding of steel VNS5 in a medium of inert gas; caused of the formation of pores in welded titanium joints examines the influence of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and air on the formation of pores, the interaction of the gases among themselves and with ...


EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT WORK ON FAMILIES OF WELDED FITTINGS FOR ROCKET FLUID SYSTEMS.
OCT 1965
Authors: W. D. Padian; J. M. Lambase; R. P. Robelotto; NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION INC LOS ANGELES CA                                                    
A 14-month program was conducted to develop equipment and procedures for fabricating rocket fluid systems by automatic fusion welding techniques. Extensive tooling for in-place welding and maching was designed and built. Weldability studies were conducted on AISI 347 stainless steel and 6061-T6 aluminum in the 1/8- to 3-in. dia and 0.010- to 0.250-in. wall thickness ranges. Limited studies were conducted which established the feasibility of extending the concepts developed for ...


WELDING OF PLASTICS BY VIBROFRICTION,
OCT 1965
Authors: A. P. Anigimova; R. I. Zakson; ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER CHARLOTTESVILLE VA                                                    


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Small Machining Centers Come Home.
OCT 1990
Authors: T. Beard                                                    
If you thought American builders were all but gone from the small machining center market, look again. Fielding some old names, and some new, the Yanks are on the rise again. (Copyright 1990 by Modern Machine Shop).


Making Your 'Danger Zone' Safer.
MAR 1988
Authors:
How To Use A Microcomputer Simulation to Determine Order Quantity.
1987
Authors: G. Saunders                                                    
Planning - It's the Key to Improved Production.
MAR 1983
Authors:
Corrosion Control at Graphite/Epoxy-Aluminum and Titanium Interfaces.
JUL 1974
Authors: D. G. Treadway; GENERAL DYNAMICS/CONVAIR SAN DIEGO CALIF                                                    
A test program was conducted to develop and evaluate corrosion protection systems for use on graphite/epoxy-aluminum and graphite/ epoxy-titanium joints. The joint specimens were prepared in duplicate and protected with several corrosion protection systems including epoxy polyamide primer(MIL-P- 23377C), inhibited polysulfide sealant,and a linear polyure-thane topcoat. (AH-PL)


Plasma-Arc Welding of Naval Structural Alloys.
APR 1974
Authors: Robert L. McCaw; DAVID W TAYLOR NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER  ANNAPOLIS MD                                                    
The application of plasma-arc welding to the fabrication of advanced high performance ships materials, utilizing the key hole mode, has been investigated. Single-pass autogenous butt welds have been produced in 0.062- to 0.375-inch-thick HY-130 steel, 0.062- to 0.250- inch-thick 17-4 precipitation-hardened stainless steel, and 0.070- to 0.480-inch-thick titanium (6A1-4V). Radiographically sound welds with tensile joint efficiencies approaching 100% were produced in the aswelded condition for HY-130 steel and titanium (6A1-4V). ...


Wear and Fretting Fatigue Resistant Coatings for Titanium Alloys.
15 MAR 1974
Authors: Robert K. Betts; GENERAL ELECTRIC CO  CINCINNATI OH                                                    
Studies were performed to identify treatments to alleviate the effects of wear on fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Sn-2Zr (Ti-17) and Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V. The mechanisms of wear studied were fretting fatigue and sliding wear fatigue. Fretting fatigue tests were performed using high cycle fatigue specimens with shoes bolted across the gauge sections at 25,000 psi contact pressure. The shoes induced fretting as the result of alternating bending strain motion along the edges ...


Results of Product Inspection of Titanium Samples Using P5F-2.5 Penetrant,
16 AUG 1972
Authors: P. Hodgetts; NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORP LOS ANGELES CA LOS ANGELES DIV                                                    
If B-1 structure is designed to tolerate an initial flaw size smaller than 0.150 inch,. it is required that the flaws be detected to a 90 percent probability and 95 percent confidence level. The results of the 61 observations of flaws in the range of 0.025 to 0.050 inch length with two misses verifies to a 90 percent probability the P5F-2.5 penetrant system will find flaws in this range to ...


Induction Melting and Casting of Titanium Alloy Aircraft Components.
JUL 1972
124 pages
Authors: Thomas S. Piwonka; Charles R. Cook; TRW INC  CLEVELAND OH                                                    
Induction melting of titanium alloys using a semi-levitation technique and bottom pouring in graphite crucible was evaluated for four titanium alloys. Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta C), and Ti-11Mo-4.5Sn-6Zr (Beta 111). Precision investment (lost wax) casting molds coated with pyrolytic graphite were used with the melting technique to make castability, tensile specimen, and bearing housing segment castings. Castability and tensile properties of the alloys were characterized. Bearing housing segments were subject ...


Investigation of Coated Graphite Crucibles for Induction Melting of Titanium.
OCT 1971
Authors: Charles A. Zanis; Richard L. Helferich; DAVID W TAYLOR NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER  BETHESDA MD                                                    
The overall task objective is to develop materials and techniques for the successful induction melting of titanium alloys. The report summarizes the progress in determining the feasibility of utilizing coated graphite crucibles for the induction melting of commercial purite titanium. (Author)


Fretting Resistant Coatings for Titanium Alloys.
SEP 1971
Authors: Donulus J. Padberg; MCDONNELL AIRCRAFT CO  ST LOUIS MO                                                    
The report describes a program undertaken to establish the effect of airframe design parameters upon the severity of fretting in titanium structures and to determine the ability of selected coatings to prevent fretting induced fatigue failures. A test specimen was designed to simulate a structural joint and a series of fatigue tests was performed to determine the conditions most conducive to fretting initiated failure. It was found that at low ...


Effect of Melting on High Hardness Alpha Stabilized Areas in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy.
MAY 1971
Authors: Edward M. Grala; TRW EQUIPMENT LABS  CLEVELAND OH MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT DEPT                                                    
The chemical, metallurgical, and physical properties of a titanium oxynitride synthesized defect material introduced into a Ti-6Al-4V alloy briquette electrode and remelted were determined. The metallurgical stability of this synthesized defect material was studied by hot stage microscopy and further remelt of the defect material. Experimental techniques utilized in this program were standard metallographic techniques, microhardness traverse, electron microprobe analysis, high temperature metallography and induction melting. Twelve defect-containing specimens were ...


The Relationship of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Titanium Alloy Bars to the Prior Deformation Processing History.
APR 1971
Authors: Fred J. Gurney; Alan T. Male; WESTINGHOUSE ASTRONUCLEAR LAB PITTSBURGH PA                                                    
The inter-relation of extrusion process variables with mechanical properties and microstructure is analyzed for three titanium alloys (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al). Information is obtained from duplicate billets which were extruded at same conditions with one extruded bar allowed to air cool and the other bar water quenched immediately after extrusion. Results indicate that significant reduction in deformation loads can be achieved in alpha and alpha-beta titanium alloys by processing them ...


Project Themis. Metal Deformation Processing.
APR 1971
Authors: Hans Conrad; KENTUCKY UNIV  LEXINGTON                                                    
Uniaxial tension tests on Ti-50A and stress relaxation tests on Ti-35A have been shown to yield data appropriate for use in metalworking equations. The yield point normally observed for fine-grained Ti-35A was eliminated by prior hydrostatic pressure soaking. Creep and tensile test data on Ti-55A, Ti-75A, and Ti-6Al-4V collected from the literature were correlated through a hyperbolic sine relationship for strain rate. Superplastic behavior was obtained from 700 to 1000C ...


Glass Bath Heating of Forging Stock.
MAR 1971
Authors: Robert E. Newcomer; MCDONNELL AIRCRAFT CO  ST LOUIS MO                                                    
The report describes a Manufacturing Methods Program to evaluate the concept of heating steel and titanium in molten glass and then directly forging. The glass used in this investigation served a two-fold purpose; during heating, it protected the steel from decarburization and scaling and the titanium from contamination; during forging, it served as a lubricant. (Author)


The Influence of Processing Variables on the Structure and Properties of Extruded Beta III Titanium.
MAR 1971
Authors: Attwell M. Adair; James A. Roberson; AIR FORCE MATERIALS LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH                                                    
The extrusion temperature and cooling rate after extrusion were varied for round to round axisymmetric extrusions of the Beta 111 titanium alloy. The microstructures after extrusion and after heat treatment were examined both by optical and transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the room temperature mechanical properties. Heat treatment following extrusion consisted of either aging only or a solution treatment followed by aging. In contrast to air cooling after extrusion, ...


Strengthening Mechanism of High Strength Titanium Alloys.
MAR 1971
Authors: Michael A. Greenfield; Harold Margolin; NEW YORK UNIV  NY ENGINEERING RESEARCH DIV                                                    
The investigation to relate fracture toughness, void formation and growth and ductility to microstructural features in an alpha-beta alloy, Ti-5.25Al-5.5V-0.9Fe-0.5Cu continued. New data confirm the earlier reported relationships between fracture toughness and microstructure of both equiaxed alpha and Widmanstatten plus grain boundary in aged beta matrix morphologies. In equiaxed alpha structures, fracture toughness depends linearly upon the grain boundary area per unit volume, S sub V, and is independent of ...


Development of Whisker-Reinforced Light Alloys.
NOV 1970
Authors: Robert A. Hermann; Paul J. Lare; Fred Ordway; Henry Hahn; ARTECH CORP  FALLS CHURCH VA                                                    
The objectives of the program were to fabricate and characterize magnesium alloy/alpha-SiC whisker composites and investigate methods for producing titanium/SiC whisker composites. Magnesium alloy composites were consolidated by spark sintering and two different liquid phase hot pressing techniques. Whisker alignment was produced by extrusion of camphene infiltrated green bodies prior to consolidation or by subsequent hot solid state extrusion. Hot pressing with the matrix almost entirely liquid gave AZ31B alloy/alpha-SiC ...


Review of Recent Developments. Titanium and Titanium Alloys,
09 SEP 1970
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
Topics included are mechanical properties; alloy phases, transformation, and structures; property degradation; and product development.


Study of Effects of Diffused Layers on the Fatigue Strengths of Commercial Titanium Alloys.
SEP 1970
Authors: Irvin R. Kramer; A. Kumar; MARTIN MARIETTA AEROSPACE  DENVER CO                                                    
Sheet specimens of titanium (6Al-4V) were tested in a constant deflection reverse bending machine, with and without surface alloying. It was observed that the endurance limit was increased from 56 ksi for the bare specimens to 67 ksi for the aluminum coated and diffused specimens. The specimens were tested in the annealed condition. Results obtained previously on the titanium (6Al-4V) was also increased from 77 ksi to 85 ksi by ...


Review of Recent Developments. Titanium and Titanium Alloys,
23 JAN 1970
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
Topics included are: Cast alloys; Powder metallurgy, Bonding and forging; Design economics; and Specifications.


Thermodynamics of Titanium Alloys. II. The Titanium-Aluminum System.
DEC 1969
Authors: R. J. Usell; M. Hoch; CINCINNATI UNIV  OH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING                                                    
Activities of titanium and aluminum were measured at 1780K in the body-centered cubic beta phase of the titanium-aluminum system, from zero to forty atomic percent aluminum, using three Knudsen effusion-time-of-flight mass spectrometer techniques. In the first technique the alloy of interest is placed in an ordinary Knudsen cell and the Al27 and Ti48 peak intensities are monitored as a function of composition from zero to forty atomic percent aluminum. In ...


AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOLID SOLUTION HARDENING ON CRACK PROPAGATION IN TITANIUM ALLOYS.
OCT 1969
Authors: C. J. Beevers; BIRMINGHAM UNIV  (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND SCIENCE OF M ATERIALS                                                    
Phase Stability and Solution Strengthening of Solid Solution Phase Titanium Alloys.
SEP 1969
Authors: J. C. Ho; P. C. Gehlen; E. W. Collings; R. I. Jaffee; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH COLUMBUS LABS                                                    
Physical property measurements carried out yielded the essential electronic and crystallographic parameters for the following prototype systems: Ti-Al and Ti-Sn, in which fairly extensive a-phase fields lead into long-range ordered alpha sub 2 (Ti3Al and Ti3Sn) phases; Ti-Mo, in which beta phase is retained over a wide range of composition, but in which the presence of the alpha and omega phases at the Ti-rich end is also of interest. (Author) ...


ABRUPT DECREASE IN TITANIUM PLASTICITY AT HIGH TEMPERATURES,
06 AUG 1969
Authors: B. A. Kolachev; V. A. Livanov; A. A. Bukhanova; N. Ya. Guselnikov; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV  WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO                                                    
An investigation showed that an abrupt drop in plasticity is observed in vacuum-treated titanium in the 300-500C interval.  In titanium saturated with hydrogen, hydrogen brittleness is superimposed on this drop at low rates of stretching.  The hydrogen brittleness is caused by directional diffusion of hydrogen toward imperfections of the crystal structure and toward grain boundaries.  The effect of hydrogen on titanium properties in this interval of temperatures ...


Workability Testing Techniques.
JUN 1969
Authors: Albert L. Hoffmanner; TRW INC  CLEVELAND OH                                                    
Relationship of Structure to Strength in Titanium Alloys.
JUN 1969
Authors: John F. Breedis; M. Kishen Koul; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH  CAMBRIDGE                                                    
The formation of the omega and alpha phases on quenching and aging and of martensite under an applied stress has been studied in binary, beta isomorphous titanium alloys containing molybdenum, niobium and vanadium. Thermodynamic calculations using the regular solution approximation reveal that the beta phase of niobium-and vanadium-containing alloys exhibit a tendency for phase separation while a tendency for ordering exists in titanium-molybdenum. Compositional fluctuations in the beta phase can ...


DMIC REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
23 AUG 1968
Authors: R. A. Wood; D. J. Maykuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
The report discusses some of the proceedings of the International Conference on Titanium. Developments on and uses of titanium are reported for aircraft and aerospace uses.


EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
AUG 1968
Authors: A. J. Sedriks; E. N. Pugh; MARTIN MARIETTA CORP BALTIMORE MD RESEARCH INST FOR ADVANCED STUDIES                                                    
A study was made of the mechanisms of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of titanium and Ti-Al alloys in methanol-iodine solutions. The path of cracking was found to depend on the composition of the alloy. In pure titanium and a Ti-2.09 w/o Al alloy SCC is intergranular. In higher alloys (> 5 w/o Al) only the initial part of the crack is intergranular, the later formed transgranular propagation stage exhibiting cleavage markings. ...


Residual Stresses, Stress Relief, and Annealing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys.
01 JUL 1968
Authors: D. J. Maykuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
The report discusses both theory and practice related to the occurrence and elimination of residual stresses in titanium and its alloys. Following a brief section on the general principles of heat treatment of titanium alloys, a description of the origin and effects of residual stresses due to forming, specifically, of the Bauschinger Effect, is presented. Additional data covers residual stresses due to mechanical operations such as grinding, shot peening, grit ...


CALCULATION OF REGULAR SOLUTION PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR TITANIUM BASE BINARY SYSTEMS.
APR 1968
Authors: Larry Kaufman; Harold Bernstein; MANLABS INC CAMBRIDGE MASS                                                    
Previously developed computer techniques for calculating phase equilibria between regular solution phases and line compound-regular solution equilibria have been employed to compute binary phase diagrams for twenty titanium base systems including most of the transition metals and aluminum. Comparison with experimentally observed diagrams yields satisfactory agreement. The description includes the activity of each component as well as the heat of formation of compound phases. Extension of this method to ternary ...


COMPILATION OF TENSILE AND CREEP RUPTURE DATA OF SEVERAL AL, MG, TI, AND STEEL ALLOYS, AND NI SUPERALLOYS.
APR 1968
Authors: AIR FORCE MATERIALS LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH                                                    
A program was conducted to determine the feasibility and possible advantage of processing conventional creep data through the use of computer program technology and to make generally available previously unpublished creep data. Computer programs were developed to fit data, make necessary calculations, tabulate results, and plot finished curves ready for design use. Raw creep data on 24 materials conducted over several years were processed and are presented in the normal ...


REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
05 DEC 1967
4 pages
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
DIFFUSION BONDING OF TITANIUM AND BERYLLIUM.
DEC 1967
Authors: Julian P. King  Jr.; Rocco P. Robelotto; Albert C. Dillingham  Jr; NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORP LOS ANGELES CA LOS ANGELES DIV                                                    
METASTABLE PHASES IN ALLOYS OF TITANIUM, THE MECHANISM AND KINETICS OF THEIR FORMATION (METASTABILNYE FAZY V SPLAVAKH TITANA, MEKHANIZM I KINETIKA IKH OBRAZOVANIYA),
13 OCT 1967
Authors: S. G. Fedotov; FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO                                                    
A short review is given with 56 references followed by the author's expts. for detg. Young's and shear moduli, as well as Poisson coeffs. in quenched and annealed alloys of the following systems: Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Nb, Ti-Mo-V, Ti-V-Nb, and Ti-Mo-V-Nb. Elastic properties of alpha-Ti are twice those of beta-Ti. With annealed specimens the alloying ingredients lowered elastic properties of alpha-Ti, the more lowered were the elastic properties of the resp. ...


MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ANISOTROPIC TITANIUM ALLOY TI-5AL-2.5 SN.
18 SEP 1967
Authors: Ralph Papirno; Peter Kyle; ALLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC CONCORD MA                                                    
Experimental determinations of the anisotropy parameter R for textured titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn in sheet form were determined from uniaxial and biaxial data based upon the Hill-Backofen plasticity theory for anisotropic materials. Uniaxial stress-strain and transverse width-thickness plastic strain data from strain gage measurements were employed to obtain uniaxial values of R. The biaxial yield strength from 1:1 stress ratio bulge tests were used with the uniaxial yield strength for the ...


FORMING OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
01 SEP 1967
Authors: Daniel E. Strohecker; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
This report represents a portion of the information contained in the March, 1967, revised edition of the 'Aircraft Designer's Handbook for Titanium and Titanium Alloys' which was prepared by the Defense Metals Information Center under the joint sponsorship of the U. S. Air Force Research and Technology Division, and the Federal Aviation Agency. The important techniques discussed include; (1) brake forming, (2) stretch forming, (3) deep drawing, (4) trapped-rubber forming, ...


DEVELOPMENT OF TOUGH HIGH-STRENGTH ALPHA-BETA TITANIUM-BASE ALLOYS AT 240,000-260,000 PSI YIELD STRENGTH LEVEL.
SEP 1967
Authors: P. A. Farrar; H. Margolin; NEW YORK UNIV N Y RESEARCH DIV                                                    
In order to develop titanium alloys with higher ductilities and 0.1% yield strengths in the range of 190,000 to 240,000 psi and usable ductility in the range from 240,000 to 260,000 psi, a total of 57 eight-pound and 2 ten-pound ingots were investigated. Eight alloys which showed promising properties in the 190,000-240,000 psi range as 8 lb. ingots were remelted as 80 lb. ingots for further evaluation as bar, plate ...


INVESTIGATION OF MAGNITUDE AND DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES IN WELDED STRUCTURES.
SEP 1967
103 pages
Authors: Rocco Robelotto; Albert Toy; John M. Lambase; NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION INC LOS ANGELES CA LOS ANGELES DIV                                                    
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL METALLURGY OF TITANIUM.
APR 1967
Authors: Frank A. Crossley; IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL                                                    
The objectives of the program were to determine the following: (1) the effects of the ternary alpha-soluble additions oxygen, tin, and zirconium, and the beta-stabilizing additions columbium, molybdenum, and vanadium on the extent of Ti-Al primary alpha; (2) the effects of these ternary additions on the kinetics of precipitation of Ti3Al; and (3) the relationships of the foregoing to mechanical properties. The most significant findings of the three-part study were ...


AIRCRAFT DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK FOR TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS.
MAR 1967
583 pages
Authors: R. A. Wood; J. A. Gurklis; C. T. Olofson; D. E. Strohecker; D. G. Howden; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
This represents a second edition of an earlier handbook bearing the same title and the designation SST 65-8, dated August, 1965. The handbook represents a collection of data from many sources on the properties and fabrication characteristics of commercially pure titanium and eight titanium alloys including Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-6V-2SN, Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-2.25Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.2Si and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. Section 1 describes the metallurgical characteristics of titanium and these alloys. Sections 2, 3, and ...


MECHANICAL INSTABILITY OF ALLOY TI-6AL-4V UNDER LARGE EXTENSIONAL VIBRATIONS.
FEB 1967
Authors: W. P. Mason; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK INST FOR THE STUDY OF FATIGUE AND RELIABILITY                                                    
High amplitude internal friction measurements have been made on 7075 aluminum and the alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The aluminum shows the three dislocation phases present for most metals. This ends in fatigue at slightly higher strains than measured. The titanium alloy shows mechanical instability at strains from 1 to 0.003. This instability manifests itself in a sudden decrease in the elastic modulus and increase in the internal friction both to values as ...


DIFFUSION BONDED TITANIUM ALLOY HONEYCOMB PANELS.
JAN 1967
Authors: Peter R. McGowan; Neil R. Williams; Jeffrey I. Allyn; DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO LONG BEACH CA AIRCRAFT DIV                                                    
A vacuumatic furnace technique for diffusion bonding of titanium alloy honeycomb sandwich panels with 8Al-1Mo-1V faces and commercially pure core is presented. Elevated temperature distortion in matched dies caused deformation in the finished panels. A dead weight loading method as a substitute improved the deformation but did not result in as good a bond. Various coupon tests were conducted on specimens from small flat panels and from a dead weight ...


INTERMITTENT CREEP AND STABILITY OF MATERIALS FOR SST APPLICATIONS.
JAN 1967
206 pages
Authors: Oscar N. Thompson; Richard L. Jones; GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP FORT WORTH TX                                                    
The creep rate and metallurgical stability were investigated of candidate materials for a supersonic transport airplane when exposed to heat alone and to creep loading at temperatures of 550 or 650 F. Specimens were exposed to intermittent heating and to creep loading for times of 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 30,000 hours and, also, to steady heating and to creep loading for 30,000 hours. The materials tested were Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (duplex annealed) ...


ANALYSIS OF STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING OF TI-6AL-4V FUEL TANK MATERIAL IN METHYL ALCOHOL.
JAN 1967
Authors: D. A. Meyn; e. p. dahlberg; C. D. Beachem; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON D C                                                    
Material from a high yield strength 6Al-4V titanium alloy space vehicle fuel tank was found to be susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking in methyl alcohol by an unidentified cleavage mechanism. Cracks propagated in contact with methanol at plane strain stress intensities as low as 15 ksi in. The same material was found to be somewhat susceptible to cracking in distilled water, by the same mechanism, with a crack propagating at a ...


HEAT TREATMENT AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TI-7AL-2.5MO ALLOY,
NOV 1966
Authors: A. G. S. Morton; NAVY MARINE ENGINEERING LAB ANNAPOLIS MD                                                    
A production heat of Ti-7Al-2.5Mo in 1- and 2-inch plate thickness was evaluated. Mechanical properties were found to be uniform throughout the plates. Heat treatment studies showed that the 0.2 percent offset yield strength could be increased from 109 to 127 ksi while still maintaining adequate toughness. Mechanical properties in the heat-treated condition are reported. The Ti-Al-Mo family of alloys are strong candidates in the Titanium Hull Program, and additional ...


FATIGUE, CREEP AND STRESS-RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF TI-13V-11CR-3AL TITANIUM ALLOY (B120-VCA).
SEP 1966
77 pages
Authors: Allan A. Blatherwick; Austris Cers; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ENGINEERING MECHANICS                                                    
A fatigue and creep-rupture testing program was conducted on solution-treated and aged sheet specimens of titanium alloy B-120VCA at room and elevated temperatures. Data on aged bar stock, previously tested, are also included for comparison. All tests were conducted in axial-stress machines with various combinations of alternating and mean stresses. Notched as well as smooth specimens were used. The data are presented in the form of S-N and creep rupture ...


A STUDY OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TI-AL ALLOYS AND HYDROGEN INDUCED EXPANSIONS.
SEP 1966
Authors: H. Portisch; H. Margolin; NEW YORK UNIV NY ENGINEERING RESEARCH DIV                                                    
The structure of a Ti-Al phase reported on gamma Ti3Al has been found by single crystal x-ray studies to be alpha Ti with superlattice spots of Ti3Al. A surface expansion, found to occur after etching alloys containing 9.5-12.5 wt% Al, occurs as a result of hydrogen picked up by etching. It is proposed that hydrogen initially enters octahedral sites of Ti3Al coherent with alpha Ti and later shifts to the ...


DESIGN ALLOWABLES ON ANNEALED TITANIUM SHEET.
SEP 1966
Authors: J. M. Riordan; NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION INC LOS ANGELES CALIF                                                    
A program to develop Mechanical Property Design Allowables on several annealed titanium sheet alloys is described. The test program described is being performed within the guidelines of the MIL Hndbk-5 Committee. The Procurement of test materials in the desired thickness ranges and number of production heats has been explored and a procurement order has been issued for 50 percent of the test material desired. The test materials and thickness ranges ...


MONOTONIC AND COMPLETELY REVERSED CYCLIC STRESS-STRAIN AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF REPRESENTATIVE AIRCRAFT METALS.
JUN 1966
Authors: T. Endo; JoDean Morrow; ILLINOIS UNIV URBANA DEPT OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS                                                    
Monotonic and cyclic stress-strain and fatigue behavior in the life range of approximately 10 to 100,000 cycles are experimentally determined for 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys, SAE 4340 steel (quenched and tempered at 1000F), and titanium alloy 8-1-1. The purpose of the investigation is to establish the necessary materials information and base line fatigue data for cumulative damage studies. Plots of the fatigue life as function of elastic, plastic and ...


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Evaluation of the Adhesive Bonding Processes Used in Helicopter Manufacture. Part 3. Development of Improved Titanium Surface Treatments.
JUN 1972
Authors: Willard C. Hamilton; George A. Lyerly; Geoffrey Frohnsdorff; GILLETTE CO RESEARCH INST ROCKVILLE MD                                                    
Studies were made to determine whether rutile-free, anatase-containing oxide layers on CP titanium and titanium 6-aluminum, 4- vanadium alloy, could transform to rutile- containing layers on aging. Scanning electron microscope observations and electron diffraction showed that rutile could be detected in the oxide layers on some aged specimens which had been adhesively bonded, stressed, and exposed to high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Since these specimens had been prepared using ...


Beryllium Wire - Metal Matrix Composites Program.
31 JAN 1971
Authors: V. L. Goodwin; M. Herman; GENERAL MOTORS CORP  INDIANAPOLIS IN ALLISON GAS TURBINE DIV                                                    
The report presents the results of a continuing effort to produce low cost Be/Ti composite fan and compressor blades for aircraft turbine engines. Design/payoff studies have been performed which indicate these materials are well suited to this application and offer significant weight savings. Several methods of producing Be/Ti composites at reasonable costs were investigated with encouraging results. Property data for these composites are given in the report. Direct forging as ...


Development of Whisker-Reinforced Light Alloys.
NOV 1970
Authors: Robert A. Hermann; Paul J. Lare; Fred Ordway; Henry Hahn; ARTECH CORP  FALLS CHURCH VA                                                    
The objectives of the program were to fabricate and characterize magnesium alloy/alpha-SiC whisker composites and investigate methods for producing titanium/SiC whisker composites. Magnesium alloy composites were consolidated by spark sintering and two different liquid phase hot pressing techniques. Whisker alignment was produced by extrusion of camphene infiltrated green bodies prior to consolidation or by subsequent hot solid state extrusion. Hot pressing with the matrix almost entirely liquid gave AZ31B alloy/alpha-SiC ...


Review of Recent Developments. Titanium and Titanium Alloys,
09 SEP 1970
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
Topics included are mechanical properties; alloy phases, transformation, and structures; property degradation; and product development.


Advanced Nondestructive Testing Techniques for Titanium Billets and Ingots.
AUG 1970
Authors: Istvan M. Matay; Frank J. Sattler; TRW EQUIPMENT LABS  CLEVELAND OH MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT DEPT                                                    
Review of Recent Developments. Titanium and Titanium Alloys,
23 JAN 1970
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST  COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
Topics included are: Cast alloys; Powder metallurgy, Bonding and forging; Design economics; and Specifications.


Beryllium Wire - Metal Matrix Composites Program.
1969
Authors: V. L. Goodwin; M. Herman; GENERAL MOTORS CORP  INDIANAPOLIS IN ALLISON GAS TURBINE DIV                                                    
The tensile properties and fatigue performance of 51 v/o beryllium wire/6061-0 aluminum matrix composites were determined. Specimens of both uniaxial and crossplyed filament orientations were tested. All properties obtained were at their maximum anticipated levels. Continued work with Be wire/titanium matrix composites featured the satisfactory fabrication of 51 v/o composites yielding near rule of mixtures strength and tensile modulus. Also, the ballistic impact and fatigue characteristics for Be/Ti were established ...


DMIC REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
23 AUG 1968
Authors: R. A. Wood; D. J. Maykuth; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
The report discusses some of the proceedings of the International Conference on Titanium. Developments on and uses of titanium are reported for aircraft and aerospace uses.


EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS.
AUG 1968
Authors: A. J. Sedriks; E. N. Pugh; MARTIN MARIETTA CORP BALTIMORE MD RESEARCH INST FOR ADVANCED STUDIES                                                    
A study was made of the mechanisms of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of titanium and Ti-Al alloys in methanol-iodine solutions. The path of cracking was found to depend on the composition of the alloy. In pure titanium and a Ti-2.09 w/o Al alloy SCC is intergranular. In higher alloys (> 5 w/o Al) only the initial part of the crack is intergranular, the later formed transgranular propagation stage exhibiting cleavage markings. ...


OPTICAL ENERGY TRANSFER PROCESSES.
JUL 1968
Authors: M. J. Linevsky; GENERAL ELECTRIC CO PHILADELPHIA PA MISSILE AND SPACE DIV                                                    
Experimental and analytical investigations have been carried out on photo-excitation and ionization processes in barium and titanium systems. It has been shown that, in order to explain the observed rates of photoionization of barium clouds, photoionization involving barium metastables must be assumed. Population of these metastables can be achieved through an optical pumping process involving resonance absorption from the ground state followed by branching into the metastable levels. A quasi-steady ...


REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
05 DEC 1967
4 pages
Authors: R. A. Wood; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
FORMING OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS,
01 SEP 1967
Authors: Daniel E. Strohecker; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
This report represents a portion of the information contained in the March, 1967, revised edition of the 'Aircraft Designer's Handbook for Titanium and Titanium Alloys' which was prepared by the Defense Metals Information Center under the joint sponsorship of the U. S. Air Force Research and Technology Division, and the Federal Aviation Agency. The important techniques discussed include; (1) brake forming, (2) stretch forming, (3) deep drawing, (4) trapped-rubber forming, ...


THE RESISTANCE OF GREASE LUBRICATED METAL COMBINATIONS TO FRETTING DAMAGE.
JUN 1967
Authors: S. Fred Calhoun; ARMY WEAPONS COMMAND ROCK ISLAND ILL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIV                                                    
Five different metals were oscillated against each other to assess the extent of fretting damage. They were all lubricated with the same grease and were subjected to the same pressures and vibration rates. The extent of the fretting damage was dependent upon the softness of the metals and also upon the nature of the metals in contact. Metal specimens oscillated against a like metal suffered less damage than when different ...


THE LATTICE PARAMETERS OF TITANIUM AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES.
JUN 1967
Authors: Arnold E. Ebneter; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING                                                    
The lattice parameters of high purity electrolytic titanium (less than 75 BHN), commercially pure titanium, and Ti-4Al alloy were measured over a temperature range from 4.2 K to 300 K using x-ray diffraction techniques. Both the 'a' and 'c' lattice parameters were found to decrease uniformly from 300 K down to 100 K. From 100 K to 4.2 K the 'a' parameter continues to decrease at a reduced rate and ...


AIRCRAFT DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK FOR TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS.
MAR 1967
583 pages
Authors: R. A. Wood; J. A. Gurklis; C. T. Olofson; D. E. Strohecker; D. G. Howden; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER                                                    
This represents a second edition of an earlier handbook bearing the same title and the designation SST 65-8, dated August, 1965. The handbook represents a collection of data from many sources on the properties and fabrication characteristics of commercially pure titanium and eight titanium alloys including Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-6V-2SN, Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-2.25Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.2Si and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. Section 1 describes the metallurgical characteristics of titanium and these alloys. Sections 2, 3, and ...


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE IN ALPHA TITANIUM.
JUN 1966
Authors: M. F. Amateau; E. A. Steigerwald; TRW EQUIPMENT GROUP CLEVELAND OH MATERIALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPT                                                    
Crack initiation and propagation behavior was studied in unalloyed titanium containing between 0.25 and 0.6% oxygen and in Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy containing between 0.07 and 0.37% oxygen. Large-grained tensile specimens were tested at -320 F and metallographically examined to identify the mechanism of microcrack formation. Precracked single edge notched specimens were tested at -320 F in order to relate crack propagation events to fracture energy and grain orientation. Second order twin ...


AN INVESTIGATION OF BARRIER COATINGS ON GRAPHITE MOLDS FOR CASTING TITANIUM.
13 OCT 1965
Authors: W. A. Reaves; E. J. Chapin; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON D C                                                    
The coatings included: a solid solution of MgO and ZrO2; a true oxide compound, CaZrO3; and two single oxides, Gd2O3 and Y2O3. The compound oxides were applied to specially cleaned ATJ grade graphite-mold hollowcylinder inserts by an oxy-acetylene flame spray method, and the single oxides were applied in similar inserts by a plasma spray technique. The MgO, ZrO3 and CaZrO3 coatings were considered to be insufficiently resistant under casting conditions ...

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